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Acids, Bases, & Salts

Acids, Bases, & Salts. Acid:. A substance that produces hydrogen ions, H+, in solution. Base:. A substance that produces hydroxide ions, OH-, in solution. Indicator:. An organic compound that changes color in an acid or base. Litmus paper: red in acid blue in base.

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Acids, Bases, & Salts

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  1. Acids, Bases, & Salts

  2. Acid: A substance that produces hydrogen ions, H+, in solution.

  3. Base: A substance that produces hydroxide ions, OH-, in solution.

  4. Indicator: An organic compound that changes color in an acid or base. Litmus paper: red in acid blue in base

  5. Properties of Acids: • Acids taste sour (never taste!!) • Acids are electrolytes (contain ions) • Acids are corrosive • Acids react with indicators to cause a predictable color change.

  6. List of important acids on page 193 in your book.

  7. Properties of Bases: • In undissolved state most bases are crystalline solids • In solution most bases: • feel slippery (never touch) • taste bitter (never taste) • bases are also corrosive, and can cause severe burns

  8. List of important bases on page 195 of your book.

  9. pH A measure of the concentration of hydronium ions.

  10. The pH scale ranges from 0 - 14

  11. 0 - 6 = acidic (the lower the value the more acidic)8 - 14 = basic (the higher the value the more basic)

  12. pH = 7 is neutralWater is typically neutral.

  13. Neutralization of Acids and Bases

  14. Neutralization: A chemical reaction between an acid and a base. Forms water and a salt Neutralization reactions = ionic

  15. Example: HNO3 + KOH--> H2O(l)+ K+ + NO3- Water Salt

  16. Neutralization Reaction Video • http://www.marymount.k12.ny.us/marynet/stwbwk03/03hchem/emreaction/emreaction.html

  17. Salt: A salt is a compound formed when the negative ions from an acid combine with the positive ions from a base.

  18. List of some salts on page 203 of your book.

  19. Titration: A process in which a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of another solution.

  20. Strength of Acids and Bases

  21. Strong acid: ionizes almost completely in a solution.

  22. Weak acid: only partly ionizes in a solution.

  23. Strong Base: dissociates completely in solution.

  24. Weak Base: only partly dissociates (produces very few ions)

  25. pH & Digestion: Mouth • The 1st place food goes is mouth. • Saliva contains amylase. • Amylase helps to break down food. • Saliva is near pH 7 (best pH for amylase to work.

  26. pH & Digestion: Stomach • Stomach is lined with enzymes & hydrochloric acid (HCl). • Enzymes work to break down food into macromolecules the body can use. • pH is about 2. (These enzymes work best at this pH.)

  27. pH & Digestion: Small Intestine • Digestion is completed mostly in small intestine. • Important molecules pass into bloodstream from here. • pH is about 8 (these enzymes work best at this pH.)

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