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An Overview of Ancient Chinese Dynasties and Their Contributions to Civilization

This resource delves into ancient Chinese dynasties, highlighting the Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Tang, Song, and Yuan periods. It explores the geography of China, including the significance of the Huang He and Chang Jiang rivers, and the impact of the Gobi Desert and Himalayas on isolation. Key cultural practices like ancestor worship, Confucianism, and filial piety are examined. Notable achievements such as the Great Wall, terra cotta army, and inventions like paper and gunpowder are discussed, as well as the rise and fall of these dynasties in the context of governance, economy, and social structures.

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An Overview of Ancient Chinese Dynasties and Their Contributions to Civilization

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  1. Ancient ChinaUnit 2 Mr. Hardy RMS IB Middle School 2012-2013

  2. Geography • Huang He- Yellow River • Chang Jiang- Yangtze River • Very fertile area • Gobi Desert, Himalaya Mtn. Range- isolated the people of China

  3. Shang Dynasty • Farming society • Ruled by Wealthy • Believed in ancestor worship, life after death, and Oracle Bones that could predict the future • Created silk

  4. Zhou Dynastypronounced, Joe • Practiced Feudalism • Filial piety- your duty is to your family • Created Pictographs (Writing system) • Mandate of Heaven- belief that Heaven kept order (Like Golden Age Pyramid) • Rise  Peak  Fall

  5. Qin Dynasty221- 202B.C. • Qin Shi Huangdi- first emperor, 13 yrs old • Unified China • Autocracy- emperor has unlimited power • People disliked Qin’s rule • Very cruel and harsh- had hundreds of people killed • Slaves built a system of roads throughout the empire, as well as forts and canals.

  6. Emperor Qin's Accomplishments The Emperor's Army • Army made of terra cotta • Recreation of Qin’s imperial guard • More than 6,000 men, each different Great Wall of China • Intended to defend Northern China from nomadic tribes (invasion) • Took thousands of workers • Not paid, forced labor

  7. Han Dynasty202B.C.- 220A.D. • “Golden Dynasty of China” • Emperor considered a divine authority – link between heaven and Earth • Highly Structured Government -18 levels of government officials • Civil Service Exam • Schools to educate those who wished to work for the govt. • Over 150 years of peace and wealth – Very popular with people. • Adopted Confucianism The Government System established by the Han, lasted until 1912!

  8. Confucianism • Not a religion, - more like a philosophy, or way of life. • Based on the writings of a great teacher knows as Confucius - K'ung-fu-tzu, "Master Kung” 551BC – 479BC

  9. Confucianism • Li (social propriety) is the greatest principle of living. When society lives by li it moves smoothly. • The Middle Way – (moderation in all things) • Quotes: • Everything has its beauty, but not everyone sees it. • It does not matter how slowly you go, so long as you do not stop. • Men’s natures are alike, it is their habits that carry them far apart. • Our greatest glory is not in failing, but in getting up every time we do. • Study the past, if you would define the future. • To be able under all circumstances to practice five things constitutes perfect virtue; these five things are gravity, generosity of soul, sincerity, earnestness, and kindness. • Forget injuries, never forget kindness. • I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand.

  10. Han Dynasty Inventions • Paper about 105A.D., greatly expanded education and government. • Rudder- allowed boats to sail into the wind • Wheel barrow • Horse collar – allowed horses to pull a much larger load. • Perfected iron tools and plows (Do you see any pattern here?)

  11. Fall of the Han • Huge Taxes to run government • Gap between rich and poor grew • Poor lost farms and homes • Could not pay taxes • Less taxes weakened the military • (Where have we seen this before?)

  12. Tang Dynasty618-907 • Created programs to help the poor • Created gunpowder- Fireworks! • Brought back the Civil service exam • Open to all men, but only the rich could afford the education • Must be knowledgeable in Confucianism • Only 1 in 5 passed

  13. Song Dynasty960-1279 Prosperous and innovative Trade and Foreign Contact • Great naval force Advanced farming techniques- Rice! Creation of block printing Use of algebra • Abacus • Use paper money • Banking

  14. Role of Women of the Song Practiced foot binding- meant to reflect wealth and prestige, crippled for life Servants to men

  15. Mongols • Nomadic people • Horseback- primary form of travel • Genghis Khan- elected ruler of Mongols, 1206 • Created largest empire in history! • Used terror to conquer people • Professional, organized army

  16. MONGOL WARRIORS

  17. Kublai Khan – Yuan Dynasty • Kublai Khan – grandson of Genghis Khan • Becomes Mongol emperor in 1260 • Conquers all of China in 1279, uniting China for the first time in 300 years. • Yuan Dynasty only lasts until 1368, but is very important.

  18. Yuan Dynasty • Kublai Khan very good ruler for China • Kublai Khan moved capital from Mongolia to modern day Beijing, China • Mongols kept separate identity from the Chinese – lived apart and had different laws. Tolerated Chinese culture and made few changes to government system

  19. Yuan Dynasty & Trade • Open up China to more trade and Western contact • Marco Polo – Young Venetian who lived in Khan’s court for 17 years. His travel journal (1271-1295) became hugely popular book. • First time most Europeans had been exposed to Chinese culture, like silk, gunpowder, playing cards, porcelain, printing, the magnetic compass, and paper money. • Death of Kublai Khan and high taxes doomed the Yuan dynasty.

  20. Kublai Khan and Marco Polo 1215-1294 1254-1324

  21. Mini MasterpieceThis Will Be Started In Class at the Conclusion of the Notes • Required materials- 1 sheet of copy paper, markers/ colored pencils, black ink pen • Fold the paper into 4 boxes. • Option A- Create an image in each box that represents each of the dynasties/topics discussed during today’s class. • Option B- Create a 1 paragraph summery of each dynasty/topic in it’s assigned box. Your paragraph must be detailed and include a minimum of 5 sentences. • *Choose 1 of the following topics to create your Mini- Masterpieces on: • - Ancient Dynasties- Shang, Zhou, Qin, and Han • - Medieval Dynasties- Tang, Song, Mongols, and Yuan • - Philosophy- Confucianism, Mandate of Heaven, and two dynasties of your choice • Your boxes must be colored or written in black ink and include a frame and the name of the dynasty/topic. • See Mr. Hardy for an example!

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