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  1. Section 1 India’s First Empires The Mauryas and the Guptas establish empires, but neither unifies India permanently. NEXT

  2. SECTION 1 India’s First Empires The Mauryan Empire Is Established Map Chandragupta Maurya Seizes Power • In 321 B.C., Chandragupta Maurya seizes power, starts Mauryan Empire Chandragupta Maurya Unifies North India • Chandragupta defeats Seleucus I; north India united for first time • Chandragupta uses taxes to support his large army Running the Empire • Chandragupta’s chief adviser is Kautilya, a priest • Chandragupta creates bureaucratic government • He divides the government to make it easier to rule Continued . . . NEXT

  3. SECTION 1 continued The Mauryan Empire Is Established Life in the City and the Country • A Greek ambassador writes glowing praise of the empire • Chandragupta’s son rules from 301 to 269 B.C., 32 years • Asoka—Chandragupta’s grandson, brings the empire to its height Image Asoka Promotes Buddhism • After a bloody war with Kalinga, Asoka promotes Buddhism and peace • Preaches religious toleration—accepting people of different religions • Builds roads, with wells along them NEXT

  4. SECTION 1 A Period of Turmoil The Breakup of the Mauryan Empire • Asoka dies in 232 B.C.; kingdoms in central India soon break away • The Andhra Dynasty dominates central India for centuries • Northern India receives immigrants from Greece, other parts of Asia • Tamils—a people living in southern India— remain separate and frequently war with rival peoples NEXT

  5. SECTION 1 The Gupta Empire Is Established Chandra Gupta Builds an Empire • Chandra Gupta marries into kingship in north India in A.D. 320 • Starts Gupta Empire—India’s second empire; flowering of Indian civilization, especially Hindu culture • His son Samudra Gupta expands empire with conquest Map Continued . . . NEXT

  6. SECTION 1 continued The Gupta Empire Is Established Daily Life in India • Majority of Indians are farmers; entire family raises crops together • Families are patriarchal—headed by the eldest male • Farmers have to contribute work to government and pay heavy taxes • Some Tamil families are matriarchal—led by mother rather than father Continued . . . NEXT

  7. SECTION 1 continued The Gupta Empire Is Established Height of the Gupta Empire • Chandra Gupta II rules from A.D. 375–415 • He defeats the Shakas and adds western coast to empire • Gupta Empire sees flourishing of arts, religion, and science • After Chandra Gupta II dies, the empire declines NEXT

  8. Section 2 Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture Indian religions, culture, and science evolve and spread to other regions through trade. NEXT

  9. SECTION 2 Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture Buddhism and Hinduism Change Traditional Hindu and Buddhist Beliefs • Hinduism blends Aryan and other beliefs; belief in many gods • To Buddhists, desire causes suffering but suffering can be overcome Continued . . . NEXT

  10. SECTION 2 continued Buddhism and Hinduism Change A More Popular Form of Buddhism • Belief in bodhisattvas develops—potential Buddhas who save humanity • Mahayana sect—Buddhists accepting new doctrines of worship, salvation • Theravada sect—Buddhists who follow original teachings of Buddha • Wealthy Buddhist merchants build stupas— stone structures over relics Image Image Continued . . . NEXT

  11. SECTION 2 continued Buddhism and Hinduism Change A Hindu Rebirth • Hinduism is remote from people by time of Mauryan Empire • Hinduism moves toward monotheism; gods part of one divine force • Chief gods: Brahma—creator of the world Vishnu—preserver of the world Shiva—destroyer of the world Image NEXT

  12. SECTION 2 Achievements of Indian Culture Literature and the Performing Arts • Kalidasa—poet and dramatist, one of India’s greatest writers • His skillful and emotionally stirring plays still popular • Madurai writing academies create literature; 2,000 Tamil poems survive • Drama and dance troupes gain popularity and travel widely Continued . . . NEXT

  13. SECTION 2 continued Achievements of Indian Culture Astronomy, Mathematics, and Medicine • Ocean trade leads to advances in astronomy • Indian astronomers in Gupta Empire prove that world is round • Mathematicians develop idea of zero and decimal system • Doctors write medical guides and make advances in surgery NEXT

  14. SECTION 2 The Spread of Indian Trade India’s Valuable Resources • India has spices, diamonds, precious stones, and good quality wood Image Overland Trade, East and West • Trade routes called Silk Roads connect Asia and Europe • Indians build trading posts to take advantage of the Silk Roads Sea Trade, East and West • Indian merchants carry goods to Rome by sea • Merchants trade by sea with Africa, Arabia, China, Southeast Asia Continued . . . NEXT

  15. SECTION 2 continued The Spread of Indian Trade Effects of Indian Trade • Increased trade leads to rise of banking • Bankers lend money to merchants, careful of degree of risk • Increased trade spreads Indian culture to other places • Trade brings Hinduism, Buddhism to other lands Interactive NEXT

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