King saud university College of nursing Master program NUR 543

1. King saud universityCollege of nursingMaster programNUR 543 Erik Erikson Theory Psychosocial Development Done by : Maha Alonazi

2. OUTLINE • -Introduction. • -Erikson theory development. • -Terminology. • - Ego psychology • -The eight stage for Erikson theory. • -Infancy stage - Trust vs. Mistrust. • - Toddler stage- Autonomy vs. Shame . • - Preschool stage - Initiative vs. Guilt . • - School stage - Industry vs. Inferiority . • - Adolescence stage - Identity vs. Role Confusion . • - Young adulthood stage -: Intimacy and Solidarity vs. Isolation • - Middle Adulthood stage - Generativity vs. Self absorption or Stagnation • - Late Adulthood stage - Integrity vs. Despair . • - Conclusion . • - References .

3. OBJECTIVE At the end of this lecture the master student able to : • Know how is eriksone . • Identify eirksone theory development. • Identify the eight stage of erikson theory . • Discus erikson theory for every stage

4. INTRODUCTION • He was born on June 15/ 1902 in Frankfurt Germany. • Erik Erikson's interest in the psychology of identity & he focus on how society affects childhood and development. • Erikson was a student and teacher of arts. He was trained in psychoanalysis at the Vienna Psychoanalytic institution under Anna Freud. • pass away in 1994 .

5. TERMINOLOGY • psychosocial crises:internal conflicts linked to life's key stages which help to define his or her growth and personality. • Maladaptation :overly adopting positive extreme " can be change“. • Malignancy :adopting the negative extreme " hard to be change".

6. Erikson Theory Development • He developed a stage theory much like Sigmund Freud's Stages of Psychosexual development, but rather than sexualimpulses, Erikson was concerned more with the socialaspects of development

7. He developed his theory of Psychosocial Development where he divides the human lifespan into eight stages.

8. Each stage builds on the successful completion of earlier stages.

9. Erik Erikson believed that Freud misjudged human development and created a series of psychosocial stages. Erikson believed that the primary motivation for human behavior was social not sexual as Freud had predicted. Erikson also believed that the personality continued to develop throughout a person's life. Erikson proposed eight psychosocial stages occurring throughout a person's life. In order to move from one stage to the next a person must confront a certain task. The more successful the individual is at resolving the issue the healthier the person's development is.

10. Erikson believed that childhood is very important in personality development. He accepted many of Freud's theories, including the id, ego, and superego, and Freud's theory of infantile sexuality. But Erikson rejected Freud's attempt to describe personality on the basis of sexuality and unlike Freud felt that personality continued to develop beyond five years of age.

11. Ego psychology • Ego psychology:Ego identity is the conscious sense of self that we develop through social interaction. According to Erikson our ego identity is constantly changing due to new experience and information we acquire in our daily interactions with others .

12. In addition to ego identity Erikson also believed that a sense of competence also motivates behaviors and actions. Each stage in Erikson’s theory is concerned with becoming competent in an area of life. If the stage is handled well the person will feel a sense of mastery which he sometimes referred to as ego strengthor ego quality.If the stage is managed poorly the person will emerge with a sense of inadequacy.

13. The individual interacts with the external world as well as responds to internal forces. • According to Freud, ego takes shape as a consequence of the disagreement between the external world and the persona’s inner self and identity ( defense mechanisms ).

14. CON’T • All the theories aim that is no harm in having a little ego that can help person to cope with the daily & society pressures that he face in a better manner. • The goal of psychoanalytic treatment is to establish a balance between bodily needs & psychological wants. • Erikson believed that the ego exists from birth and he organized life into eight stages that extend from birth to death

15. Each stage is characterized by a psychosocial crisis which is based on physiological development but also on demands put on the individual by parents and/or society. Ideally the crisis in each stage should be resolved by the ego in that stage

16. EGO-PSYCHOLOGY Erikson's theory of ego psychology holds certain tenets that differentiate his theory from Freud's. Some of these include: • The ego is of utmost importance. • The ego is a powerful agent that can adapt to situations . • Part of the ego is able to operate independently of the id and the superego.

17. CON’T • mental health. • Social factors have a role in personality development. • Erikson's theory was more comprehensive than Freud's, and included information about "normal" personality as well as neurotics. He also broadened the scope of personality to incorporate society and culture, not just sexuality.

18. THE EIGHT STAGES 1.Infancy stage: Birth to 18 Months . 2.Toddler stage: 18 Months to 3 Years . 3.Preschool stage: 3 to 5 Years . 4.School stage : 6 to 12 Years . 5.Adolescence stage : 12 to 18 Years. 6.Young adulthood stage: 18 to 35years. 7.Middle Adulthood stage: 35 to 55 or 65 years . 8.Late Adulthood stage : 55 or 65 years to Death .

19. Infant stage

21. Toddler stage

23. Preschooler stage

25. School age stage

27. Adolescence stage

29. Young adult stage

31. Middle adult stage

33. Old adult stage

35. CONCLUSION : • Erikson's psychosocial theory basically asserts that people experience eight psychosocial crisis stages which significantly affect each person's development and personality . • He say that the development is determined by the interaction of the body (genetic biological programming), mind (psychological) and cultural (ethos) influences and he organized life into eight stages that extend from birth to death

36. Reference : • http://www. Encyclopedia.com-Ego psychology. • http://www.haverford.edu- Psychosocial Theory: Erikson. • http://www.businessballs.com –erik erikson psychosocial development theory.