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Cultural Reflections: U.S. Racial and Ethnic Diversity

An exploration of the historical, social, and political landscape of major racial and ethnic groups in the United States, including settler societies, indigenous groups, slavery, imperialism, and immigration.

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Cultural Reflections: U.S. Racial and Ethnic Diversity

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  1. Sociology 134 Overview of Major Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups

  2. Congressional Caucuses, 2002 • Asian Pacific Islander: 9 • Hispanic: 18 • Black: 38 • Is that appropriate representation or not? • Should racial and ethnic caucuses exist? • Recent cooperation over Food Stamp extension: help poor blacks and recent immigrants—Congress is becoming aware of the increasingly complicated racial and ethnic mosaic

  3. The U.S. Situation in Historical and Global Context • The creation of countries out of settler societies. • Slavery • The impact of imperialism • Current immigration

  4. Settler Societies and Indigenous Groups • Dutch, English, French, and Spanish settlers • Displacement of American Indians: purchase, forced relocation, death by disease • International comparisons: • Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Mexico: what distinguishes the latter from the U.S. and the other three? • South Africa: settler groups always smaller than indigenous group

  5. Slavery • Most slaves came from Western Africa prior to the 19th Century • Plantation Agriculture: cotton and tobacco • Why not in the North? Why not in Canada or Mexico? What about Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Dominican Republic?

  6. Imperialism • Cuba, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Hawaii: once they all belonged to us • Korea and Vietnam • What are the roles of these in our current population makeup? • What explains the different statuses of Hawaii and Puerto Rico? • France, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands also have experienced significant immigration from former colonies

  7. Immigration • American Indian, African American, and white populations have a long history in the United States • As do some Latinos in the Southwest • We are a very open country to immigration and naturalization compared to most countries

  8. Figure 1. Questions on Race and Hispanic Origin from Census 2000 ÞNote: Please answer BOTH Questions 5 and 6. 5.Is this person Spanish/Hispanic/Latino? Mark X the “No” box if not Spanish/Hispanic/Latino.  No, not Spanish/Hispanic/Latino Yes, Puerto Rican Yes, Mexican, Mexican Am., Chicano Yes, Cuban Yes, other Spanish/Hispanic/Latino – Print group

  9. American Indians • 2.5 million or .8 percent of population • Another 1.6 million or .6 percent in combination • 1492: 2-5 million; 1900: approx. 300T • What explains the population decline? • What explains the population resurgence?

  10. American Indians, continued • Sovereign Dependent Nations • Marshall Supreme Court:Cherokee v. Georgia • Guardian to Ward Relationship (current controversy over missing funds) • Citizenship (U.S., tribal, state)

  11. American Indians, continued • Removal • Allotment • Indian Reorganization Act • Termination • Indian Self-Determination

  12. White Americans • The evolution of whiteness: Germans, Irish, Italian, Jews • Why does ethnicity continue to be important to many white Americans? • Higher incomes, higher wealth than most other groups

  13. African Americans • 35 million or 12.3 percent of the U.S population; 1.8 million AF Am and other • 2% of Af Am identified as Hispanic: who are they? • Slavery • Jim Crow • Civil Rights Movement • Post-Civil Rights Movement

  14. Latinos/Latinas • Why does Shorris prefer Latino/a over Hispanic? • Major Latino Groups • Mexicans • Puerto Ricans • Cubans

  15. Asians One Asian Group Asian and/or Other Total 10,019,405 11,898,828 Asian Indian 1,678,765 1,899,599 Chinese 2,314,537 2,734,841 Filipino 1,850,314 2,364,815 Japanese 796,700 1,148,932 Korean 1,076,872 1,228,427 Vietnamese 1,122,528 1,223,736 Other Asian 1,179,689 -------------

  16. Honk If You Love Buddha A PBS program about the diversity of the Asian population

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