Project stages and roles

1. Project stages and roles Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec

2. Objectives These text boxes work as commentary. Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec To describe the phases of a construction project To identify functional roles and responsibilities of construction project management

3. What is a Project? When you start investigating a new concept, it is useful to find how other people have defined the concept. Looking at several different definitions helps you to form your own one. Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec A unique set of co-ordinated activities, with definite starting and finishing points, undertaken by an individual or team to meet specific objectives within defined time, cost and performance parameters (JISC InfoNet 2012)

4. What is Construction (Project) Management Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec • Organizing and directing men, materials, and equipment to accomplish the purpose of the designer (http://www.constructionplace.com/) • It is the art of directing and coordinating human and material resources throughout the life of a project by using modern management techniques to achieve predetermined objectives of scope, cost, time, quality and participation satisfaction (PMBOK, 2004)

5. …Definitions continue Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec • It entails the planning, scheduling, evaluation & controlling of construction tasks or activities to accomplish specific objectives by effectivelyallocating and utilising appropriate labour, material and time resources in a manner that minimises the costs (efficiency) and maximises customer/project owner satisfaction (Adapted from Jackson, 2010)

6. A construction project can de divided into different stages in many different ways. One is not better than the other as long as everything is included. These six steps are from Scofield and Wilkinson (2010). These ones are chosen, because Scofield and Wilkinson have thought these to be suitable especially for NZ construction. Project stages Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec (Scofield and Wilkinson 2010)

7. Inception= What does the client need?= How to fill those needs? Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec • Several choises to study: • buying • renovating (altering or changing the use of an existing building) • building new (Scofield and Wilkinson 2010)

8. Feasibility= Can it (what client needs/wants) be done?= What are the limitations? Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec • Deadlines • Budget • Quality and features in general • Might include sketch proposals and calculations (Scofield and Wilkinson 2010)

9. Design= Getting the ideas on paper Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec • Design/drawings become more exact step after step • Preliminary design, exploring ideas • Developed design • Working drawings (price, tender, consent, construction)‏ (Scofield and Wilkinson 2010)

10. Tender= Who gets the job? Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec • Quotations • Negotiations • invitation or • open tendering • Selection • final cost • experience/track record • technical/management skills • available resources → Contract (Scofield and Wilkinson 2010)

11. Construction= Design comes true Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec Subcontractor, supplier and manufacturer contracts Construction work Construction management work (Scofield and Wilkinson 2010)

12. Commissioning= Did we deliver what was ordered? Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec • Final inspections and testing → list of incomplete and defective work • Insurance transfers and Quarantees • A certificate of practical completion • building is functioning as intended → A certificate of final completion (Scofield and Wilkinson 2010)

13. People Construction projects are team work and involve large variety of different stakeholders. Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec

14. Not all inclusive Roles Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec

15. Management roles From these ones, Site Manager is the easiest one to define, because the responsibilities don’t vary that much from one project or country to another. In different companies and in different countries the role of Construction Manager can be very different. For some it is a synonym to Site Manager for some almost a synonym to Project Manager. Some see it as an organisation, not as a person. Project Manager might work either for the contractor or the client. So always know the context, when you talk about the roles. Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec Project Manager Construction Manager Site Manager

16. Project Manager as Client’s representative quality cost time Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec • Person involved from inception to commissioning • Main focus: Successful project completion from client’s point of view • On time • Within cost targets • At an acceptable quality • Without forgetting H & S

17. Project Manager as Contractor’s representative Link to procurement methods quality cost time Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec • Involvement time depends on the procurement method, but starts as soon as the contractor is involved and continues until the end of commissioning • Main focus: Successful project completion from contractor’s point of view • On time • Within cost targets • At an acceptable quality • Without forgetting H & S

18. Site Manager sees the project from more practical point of view than the Project Manager. Site Manager takes care of the practical completion of the construction work and like the name implies, works on site. Site Manager quality cost time Circle of safety Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec • Person involved in the planning, organising, implementation, monitoring and control of construction project execution. • Main focus: Successful construction work completion from contractor’s point of view • On time • Within cost targets • At an acceptable quality • Without forgetting H&S

19. Construction Manager Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec Depending on project scale and other things (country, company, magnitude, complexity, geographical spread…) • Management of several projects • On site management • Or something between

20. Project or Construction Management Click the link above. This is how Aviver (a British Project Management consultancy company) sees the terminology Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec

21. Construction Management Functions Rank of Management Functions Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec (Griffith and Watson 2004)

22. Nine Project Management Knowledge Requirements (with the construction extension) Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec Scope Management Project Integration Time Management Cost Management Quality management Human Resources Management Communications Management Risk Management Procurement Management 10. Safety Management 11. Environmental Management 12. Financial Management 13. Claim Management (PMBOK)

23. Procurement in construction= acquisition of goods or services Client’s perspective = contractual system • Project management = services • Designing = services • Building = services • The final product (building, infrastructure) = goods Contractor’s perspective • Subcontracts = services • Material + installation = goods + services • Materials = goods • Equipment = goods/services Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec

24. Construction Project Delivery Systems(some examples) Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec Traditional Contract Delivery System

25. Construction Management Delivery System (Agency) Owner Designers Project Manager Contractors Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec

26. Design-Build Delivery Systems Owner Design-Build Firm Design Consultants Contractors Back to the roles Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec

27. References For more information have a look at these resources Taija Puolitaival, Department of Construction, Unitec • Constructionplace.com Inc. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.constructionplace.com/ . • Griffith, A. and Watson, P. (2004). Construction Management: Principles and Practice. Palgrave, Macmillan, Basingstoke. • Hendrickson, C. (2000). Project Management for Construction (2nd ed.). Retrieved fromhttp://pmbook.ce.cmu.edu/. • Jackson, B. J. (2010). Construction Management: Jump start (2nd ed.).John Wiley & Sons Ltd. • Northumbria University(2012). What is Project Management. Retrieved from http://www.jiscinfonet.ac.uk/infokits/project-management. • PMI (2008) . A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (4th Ed.). • Project Auditors LLC. Project Integration. Retrieved from http://www.projectauditors.com/Training/Integration.html. • Scofield, R., Wilkinson, S. (2010). Management for the New Zealand Construction Industry (2nd ed.). North Shore, NZ: Pearson.