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APEC Network of Networks: Enhancing Infectious Disease Surveillance

Learn about the APEC Network of Networks initiative and its efforts to enhance infectious disease surveillance in the inter-SARS period. Discover the accomplishments, challenges, and new frontiers in networking for combating emerging infections. Explore the assets and threats of APEC networking and the role of human networks and the internet in effective networking.

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APEC Network of Networks: Enhancing Infectious Disease Surveillance

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  1. APEC Network of Networks Initiative: In Support of Infectious Disease SurveillanceEnhancement in the InterSARS periodAnn Marie Kimball, MD., MPHSchool of Public Health and Community MedicineUniversity of Washington

  2. Human Disease as Travelers on the Global Express- How Can We Keep Up?

  3. The SARS Outbreak: May 6, 2003 Washington PostSource: World Health Organization/CDC

  4. The Asia Pacific Economic Community • Accomplishments in combating emerging infections • Challenges that remain • Networking as a part of our strategy • New frontiers in networking

  5. APEC- What is it? • Founded in 1989, “Health” initiative begun in 1995. • 21 member economies (includes Taipei), 2.5 billion people • Combined GDP $19 trillion, 47% of global trade • First Health Ministers meeting July 28,2003, related to SARS.

  6. APEC Leaders SummitOctober 2001, Beijing

  7. Leaders Declaration Los Cabos, 2002 • “We instructed Ministers to build on work underway to establish a regional public health surveillance network and an early warning system to monitor and respond to critical disease outbreaks in the region and critical threats such as bio-terrorism.”

  8. Six Strategic Action Areas • Electronic networking • Surveillance • Outbreak response • Capacity building • Partnering across sectors • Political and economic leadership

  9. ASSETS: Numerous networks established High level of internet use General strong technical competence Political will THREATS: Pace of trade, outbreaks increasing rapidly Diverse region, Limited penetration of APEC leaders declaration to working levels. APEC Networking: Assets and Threats

  10. Internet Use in APEC Economies1997Source: Nua Ltd. and others, 1997, http://www.nua.ie/surveys/how_many_online

  11. Internet Use in APEC Economies1999-2001Source: Nua Ltd. and others, 2001, http://www.nua.ie/surveys/how_many_online

  12. APEC EINet Trade/Commerce Participation

  13. Inter-country Surveillance Network

  14. APEC Einet What have we learned? • Human networks are key to effective networking • The internet is potential a powerful training tool for Asia Pacific • We can foster intersectoral discussion through our user group • Information accuracy is central to success

  15. SARSAn Emergent Infection Amplified by Travel • Coincident urgent biomedical research, disease control requirements for information exchange • WHO served “Fair Broker” role for facilitating these processes. • Technologies in use adequate, perhaps not optimal • Networks can synergize for preparedness

  16. Frontiers in Networking • Strong working relationships within country, among countries • Reliable accurate laboratory • Real time outbreak collaboration • High Quality Network performance

  17. Outbreak Area 1, epi data

  18. From the Public Health Manager • Seattle Scenario- December 15 2003 • The Communicable Disease Epidemiologist has been notified of seven cases of probable SARS in the last 24 hours by infection control personnel in three city hospitals. Six of these are family members or neighbors of an index case who arrived to visit his relatives from Outbreak 1 Area on December 1,2003. He arrived by air, feverish and ill. He was hospitalized in the County Hospital on December 5 after becoming increasingly ill with shortness of breath, and increasing weakness. Two of the family members who are now among the cases waited with him in the Emergency Room for 2 hours the evening of his admission. The hospital instituted SARS protective measures upon his admission, and he is in strict isolation in the Intensive Care unit where his condition is deteriorating at this time. All of the six other probable cases have also been hospitalized in three facilities: the County Hospital, Private Hospital A, Private Hospital B. All are located in downtown Seattle within 2 miles of one another.

  19. Number of probable cases of SARS, by date of onset—Seattle, USA, 2003 The Epidemiologist has compiled a line listing of these cases:

  20. Seattle, spatial location of cases

  21. Figure 1: The APAN/TransPAC Networks

  22. Strong Political endorsement for control of Emergent Disease at highest level of APEC Rapidly increasing speed, access of internet in region Table top exercise can identify multisectoral response prospectively Populating tabletop has value for partners individually Collectively partners benefit from sharing common exercise APEC Region- Virtual Tabletop

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