Global and Regional Labour Market Information & Employment Trends and Issues

1. Global and Regional Labour Market Information & Employment Trends and Issues Lawrence Jeff Johnson Chief, Employment TrendsInternational Labour Organisation Geneva Switzerland

3. Global employment trends

4. Global Unemployment trends

5. Unemployment Rates: by region, 2005

6. The share of working poor in total employment, 1995-2005

7. US$1 working poverty around the world(global estimate 520 million in 2005)

8. 2 dollar pie

9. Share of US$1 working poor, 1990-2015

10. Share of US$2 working poor, 1990-2015

11. 430 million new entrants into the global labour force (2005-2015)

12. Starting Point • The promotion of decent and productive work should be the central aim of economic development • In today’s world of widening inequality, differences in productivity emerge as an important policy factor towards creating the conditions for decent work and poverty reduction.

13. Policy Issues • How to ensure that we get the right balance between productivity growth and job creation for each country? • What are the most important rural development policies for improving productivity, generating decent employment and reducing poverty? • How to balance flexibility and security in the labour market to promote economy-wide productivity and growth? • How to overcome the “productivity divide” between large and small scale business activities?

14. Virtuous Spiral Increased Demand & Well-Being Increased Technological Change Sustainable & Expanding Growth Poverty Alleviation Increased Demand, Increased Output Decent Work & Employment Growth IncreasedReal Earnings & Social Benefits Technological Improvements Productivity & Output Growth Increased Investments & Demand Poverty Alleviation Increased Well-Being & Diminished Inequality Increased Real Wages Increased Earnings Increased Productivity

15. K I L M Key Indicatorsof theLabour Market 2 0 0 5

16. Questions: • What types of economic activities are people engaged in? • What is the size and composition of the labour force? • How many hours do people work and how much do they earn for this work? • How many people are without work and looking for work? • What types of inequalities exist, for example in terms of earnings and employment situation? • Are earnings keeping pace with the cost of living? • How are youth and women faring in the labour market?

17. When developing indicators, one must strike a balance between: Coverage Comparability Maximize scope of coverage, i.e., provide the greatest number of data points for the greatest number of countries • Harmonize the indicators across countries and time • (same type of sources, sampling procedures, methodologies and definitions)

18. Key Indicators of the Labour Market • Labour force participation rate • Employment-to-population ratio • Status in employment • Employment by sector • Part-time workers • Unemployment by educational attainment • Hours of work • Time-related underemployment • Informal sector employment • Inactivity rate • Unemployment • Educational attainment and illiteracy • Youth unemployment • Real manufacturing wage indices • Long-term unemployment • Occupational wages rates & earnings • Hourly compensation costs • Productivity and unit labour cost • Labour market flows • Poverty and income distribution

19. Labour force participation rates and GDP per capita at PPP, 1990 Note: The middle curve is a smooth version of the scatter plot, obtained by cubic splines.

20. Employment by 1-digit sector level (ISIC 3), latest years

21. Annual number of hours worked per person

22. Growth in value added per worker, total economy (1993-latest year)

23. WER KILM Global Employment Trends Special Reports for Youth & Women Employment Trends Research

24. Labor Market Information & Employment Trends Lawrence Jeff Johnson Chief, Employment TrendsInternational Labour Organisation Geneva Switzerland