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Pyramids on the Nile

Pyramids on the Nile. Chapter 2 Section 2. Land of Egypt. Importance of Geography. Nile floods created plentiful harvests (predictable) Nile acted as unifying factor (N/S) Desert was a natural barrier. The River Nile.

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Pyramids on the Nile

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  1. Pyramids on the Nile Chapter 2 Section 2

  2. Land of Egypt

  3. Importance of Geography • Nile floods created plentiful harvests (predictable) • Nile acted as unifying factor (N/S) • Desert was a natural barrier

  4. The River Nile

  5. Egypt’s Historical BackgroundI. Archaic Period • Unification of Upper & Lower Egypt in 3100 BCE by King Menes • First dynasty was founded

  6. Crown of upper Egypt Crown of upper and lower Egypt Crown of Lower Egypt

  7. Hieroglyphics were introduced about 3000 BC

  8. Rosetta Stone • Hieroglyphics • Demotic • Ancient Greek • Interpreted by Jean Francois Champollion in mid-19th century (20+ years)

  9. Egyptian Hieroglyphics

  10. Papyrus

  11. Old Kingdom 2770-2200 BCE • Time of prosperity & splendor Founded by Zoser - 3rd dynasty • “Age of the Pyramids” • Time when pharaoh’s power became absolute & divine

  12. Step Pyramid of Zoser at Sakkara

  13. Role of Pyramids • Represented royal authority • Monumental architecture • Tomb for mummified body of the rulers

  14. The Afterlife and Ka • Ka (soul of the body?) could live on after death but must be provided for with all the things necessary for life…

  15. Khufu’s pyramid aka “Great Pyramid”

  16. Giza

  17. Pyramid comparison

  18. Pyramids • Rooms stocked with supplies for the next life…. • Chairs Dishes • Boats Food • Games Clothing • Weapons Chariots

  19. Howard Carter

  20. Tut’s Tomb

  21. Vulture collar from Tut’s tomb Vulture Collar from the tomb of Tutankhamen

  22. Collapse of the Old Kingdom • Too much investment in pyramid building • Series of poor harvests • Nobles usurped power

  23. First Intermediate Period • Time of anarchy & chaos • No central authority/feudal • Desert tribes invaded • 11th Dynasty restored order in 2050 BCE

  24. Pharaoh ruled as a god(Theocratic government) • Head of religion, government & army… • Full responsibility for prosperity • Caused rain to fall, sun to rise • Nile to flood , crops to grow

  25. Main Gods • Re - the sun god • Amen - the god of Thebes • Osiris - judge of the dead • Egyptians hoped for life after death

  26. OsirisJudge of the Dead • Personified the growth of vegetation & life-giving force of the Nile • Weighed hearts of the dead

  27. Triumph of Good over EvilThe Cult of Osiris* Hyperlink • Paternal qualities of Osiris • appealed to emotions • Promised immortality • to those who led moral lives

  28. Isis • Wife of Osiris • A popular motif was her sitting and nursing her son Horus

  29. Isis • Love, magic, motherhood, children, medicine and peace were her human realms

  30. Anubis • Jackal head • God of embalming

  31. Dehydrated burial site (prior to mummification of corpses) • British Museum

  32. Step 1:Washing the body & anointing with oils

  33. Step 2:Removal of organs

  34. Step 3: drying body with salts

  35. Step 4: Body cavity stuffed with linens and other fibers

  36. Step 5: rewashing after 70 days

  37. Body preserved for eternity • People of all classes planned for their burials • Tombs filled with all that would be needed in afterlife

  38. Canopic jars • Represented the four sons of Horus • Vital organs were put inside

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