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Introduction to Latin Vocabulary and Grammar: Nouns, Verbs, and Cases

This guide provides essential Latin vocabulary and grammar concepts, focusing on various nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Key terms include "amīcus" (friend), "cēna" (dinner), and "dormiō" (to sleep), with relevant usage in sentences. Learn about the accusative and ablative cases, their endings, and how they differ from English grammatical structures. This resource is perfect for beginners eager to expand their Latin language skills and understand direct objects and prepositional phrases.

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Introduction to Latin Vocabulary and Grammar: Nouns, Verbs, and Cases

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  1. Stage 2New Vocab & Cases

  2. New Vocab - Nouns • amīcus, amīcī, m. – friend • ancilla, ancillae, f. – slave-girl, slave-woman • cēna, cēnae, f. – dinner • cibus, cibī, m. – food • dominus, dominī, m. – master • mēnsa, mēnsae, f. – table • mercātor, mercātoris, m. – merchant • toga, togae, f. – toga • tunica, tunicae, f. – tunic

  3. New Vocab - Verbs • dormiō, dormīre, dormīvī, dormītus – sleep • gustō, gustāre, gustāvī, gustātus – taste • laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātus – praise • intrō, intrāre, intrāvī, intrātus – enter • salūtō, salūtāre, salūtāvī, salūtātus – greet

  4. Adjective & Adverb • laetus, laeta, laetum – happy • quoque– also, too

  5. New Case #1 - Accusative • English exercises: 1. (I, me) love you. 2. You love (I, me). 3. (We, us) are a great big family. 4. (He, him) loves (she, her). • Why’d you pick what you picked? • English has 3 cases • Latin has 7 cases

  6. Direct Objects • A subject DOES the action of the verb. • A direct object RECEIVES the action of the verb. • Direct objects in Latin go into the accusative case. • Living Sentence time

  7. Accusative Endings • 1st declension: -am, so Metellam • 2nd declension: -um, so Caecilium • 3rd declension: -em, so canem

  8. New Case #2: Ablative • Not really new • Prepositional Phrases • Endings: • 1st declension: -ā • 2nd declension: -ō • 3rd declension: -e (haven’t met this yet)

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