1 / 27

Presentation1

monet
Télécharger la présentation

Presentation1

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Islands are by their very nature limited in many of their resources, such as the land and soil, fresh water, and the stocks of wildlife and fish, and modern society is not the first to have to learn to live within those limits. There have been many waves of migration across the seas in the past, bringing different peoples and cultures to settle in the islands. They either learned to live within their island limits, or they failed to survive.

  2. As with many chiefly Polynesian structures, the fale fakatu'i is built on a raised rock platform, but in typical Tongan architectural style, it is supported inside by four large ironwood posts. Similar to Fijian culture, cowry shells hanging throughout the interior mark the royal nature of the palace. The roof is thatched with sugar cane leaves. Both the interior and exterior of the building are decorated with braided coconut fiber, or sennit lashings, fine reed walls, Tongan ngatu or bark cloth, and intricately woven mats. Cultural tradition also required dried coconut leaves be placed on the floors initially and then covered with finely woven mats which add extra softness and comfort.

  3. The "village" houses:Samoan fale (houses), which are among the most unique in all of tropical Polynesia:The large high-roofed Maota Tofa, with its distinctive carved beams and coconut-sennit lashings, is where the high chief and his family live. Other families live in the more appropriately sized Fale Nofo, with its nearby Tunoa or kitchen. The round Fale Tali Malo or Fale Fono on the other side of the malae doubles as the village "guest house" or "chief's meeting house."

  4. Guest houses are constructed in a typical Samoan architectural style with a domed roof, and evenly-spaced posts supporting beams in the Center. Traditionally, no nails or screws were used anywhere in such a building. Instead, coconut fibers are braided into 'afa or sennit rope to lash the beams and joints together. The rock foundations of guest houses are usually elevated, sometimes as high as 5-8 feet: In general, the higher the foundation, the more important  the chiefly title and rank of the family and/or village. The height of foundations symbolize the dignity and respect accorded a high chief.

  5. The floor of a guest house is typically covered with flat, smooth round-shaped river stones which have been found ideal for balancing the temperature of the building. On hot, humid days, the stones cool the building; on cooler days they retain the sun's heat to keep the building warm and comfortable. For comfort, mats are placed over the rocks, starting first with thicker coconut leaf pola, topped with finer-woven laufala made from dried pandanus leaves. The many posts which encircle the interior of this building have much greater significance than holding up the roof. Whenever any meetings are held in the building, certain participants always sit with their backs to a post, the exact one being rigidly determined by the persons' rank, family, and home village. Other minor participants sit on mats spread around the outside rim.

  6. The basic fishing techniques were similar in most island areas. Women and children gleaned crabs, sea urchins, octopus and various shellfish from reef and mangrove areas accessible at low tide. Fishing with nets, lines and spears was a men's occupation. Nets were made with fibres from forest vines or coconuts and could reach 50 metres in length. The fish encircled with such a net were grabbed, clubbed or speared, so that only useful fish were taken. Special large nets were made for catching turtles and other large animals. Smaller nets served to catch small fish such as sardines or mullet. Coconut leaves were also used to encircle fish. Fish traps were constructed of basketwork or with stone walls. Dugong, turtles and even whales were hunted when possible. Sometimes these scarcer resources were reserved for chiefs or for special occasions. Poisons from various plants were also used for fishing in both rivers and the sea, with plants collected in the wild or even cultivated. Traditionally such techniques were usually used judiciously and in moderation.

  7. According to sail technologists this elegant shape makes this sail a highly efficient airfoil. Notice the crab pincher shape.

  8. The hakatu (outrigger struts) and lashing. Notice the diamond pattern in the middle of the lashings. This pattern is also used in fales and in Polynesian art.

  9. This authentic, carved wood model is complete with lauahala woven sail and miniature foe paddle.

More Related