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Issues of Justice and Peace

Issues of Justice and Peace. 3 ways of understanding what justice is. Justice as fair play Justice as the upholding of human rights Justice as retribution. The Task you are asked to do:. Evaluate the main strengths and weakness of TWO of the above

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Issues of Justice and Peace

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  1. Issues of Justice and Peace

  2. 3 ways of understanding what justice is • Justice as fair play • Justice as the upholding of human rights • Justice as retribution

  3. The Task you are asked to do: • Evaluate • the main strengths and weakness of • TWO of the above • when applied to a particular case study.

  4. We begin by examining • each of these three ways • of understanding justice

  5. Justice as Fair play • Justice as fair play - give everyone their due – this is a common concept which we all learn from our childhood. • Fair play, give everyone their due. • Do to others as you would have them do to you – the Golden Rule . Simple, direct.

  6. Justice as the Upholding of human rights • A ‘right’ is an entitlement. • Human rights refer to entitlements that are based purely on our being human. • A right is something ‘due’ to a person. When it is missing a person is treated as less than human, eg in slavery

  7. Justice as retribution • This way of looking at justice begins from a situation when someone has been wronged, • Then, justice demands that the wrong be righted. • For instance, I had €40, you stole €20. • To right this wrong … you must give back €20 in retribution.

  8. A case study: • Human Slavery during the American Civil war 1861 - 1865

  9. American Civil War • The war began in 1861. • Northern States (The Union) fought • Southern States (The Confederacy), • over the issue of slave ownership.

  10. The North wanted to abolish slavery, • or at least stop its further expansion.

  11. The Southern view • Slaves are property. • They can be bought (like other property) • They can be sold. • Property owners have rights to their property

  12. Georgia: slave market in America

  13. 1865 • 4 years of Civil war • 600,000 killed • Will Lincoln comprises on the full legal abolition of slavery to end the conflict?

  14. January 1865 • Representatives from South sue for peace on these conditions: • (1) No further expansion of slavery • (2) Southern slaves to remain slaves

  15. A Council of War

  16. The issue was whether to meet with Representatives from the South, • and accept a compromise. • Southern States to keep slavery, but no expansion to other States allowed.

  17. Under great strain Lincoln concludes. He says: ‘When one thing is equal to another thing, they are both equal to each other. Now that’s a truth’ ‘ We begin with equality. There’s equality at the origin. That’s fairness, That’s justice’ ….

  18. Justice as Fair play • We can see that the understanding of Justice as ‘Fair play’ is at work here in this crucial moment of human history.

  19. It’s a simple, but a very powerful, concept. • Its ‘at the origins’ of being human. • It decided the issue for Lincoln

  20. Justice as the Upholding of human rights • This this approach is also present, also powerful: • ‘There is equality at the origins… • ‘If slavery is not wrong, nothing is wrong… • (Abraham Lincoln)

  21. Justice as fairness and justice as upholding human rights are closely linked, and often work well together. • It depends on the situations which is the most influential one.

  22. Justice as retribution • In the case study we followed used this way of looking at justice is not so effective. It is not to the fore in Lincoln’s thinking at this point • In other situations it can be very important..,

  23. But in the long run it will be both important relevant. • Justice as retribution is a powerful resource when the victims themselves seek to articulate the need for justice.

  24. ResearchThree topics for further Research • Topic One: • A study of the ‘Thirteen Amendment’ to the US Constitution. • This made slavery. • Lincoln

  25. Research • Topic Two. • The Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade. • (1835 : slavery was abolition in the British Empire, one of the most important reform movements n that century. Why did it succedd?) • www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/‎ • abolition.e2bn.org/slavery_111.html‎

  26. Research • Topic Three: • Modern Slavery

  27. Modern slavery

  28. Modern Slavery

  29. Modern Slavery: help from Social Networks • How social enterprises are combatting modern slavery - The Guardian • www.theguardian.com › Professional › Social Enterprise Network‎

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