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The Quest for Professionalization

The professionalization of social work evolved from a focus on charity to a recognized discipline rooted in scientific study and practical application. Emerging from early organizations like the American Social Science Association and the National Conference of Charities, the field advanced through apprenticeships, education in sociology, and the establishment of formal social work training schools. The rise of accreditation standards and professional associations, including the NASW, further solidified social work as a critical profession influencing policy and practice across multiple disciplines.

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The Quest for Professionalization

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  1. The Quest for Professionalization Social Work Develops from “Everybody’s Business” to a Profession

  2. Evolved From Scientific Investigation • American Social Science Assn (1865) spawned • Conference of Charities (1874) but met concurrently • 1879 split from parent and began focus on practical work • 1884 renamed National Conference of Charities and Corrections

  3. Charity Work Evolved from Social Science • moved from theory and research to greater concern with methods and treatment • COS folks realized specific skills & knowledge needed to help people • COS and settlement house people concerned with education and training for social workers • Both groups were affiliated with National Conference of Charities and Corrections

  4. Beginnings of Professional Social Work Education • Apprenticeship in social agencies was initial social work education • Attending National Conference supplemented apprenticeship • Informal lectures and reading lists were provided by agencies • People going into charity work took courses in the new field of sociology

  5. Social work and sociology separated • Sociologists found social workers not sufficiently objective • Social workers thought sociology was not sufficiently applied or practical • Social workers saw their work related to other disciplines as well as sociology (law, economics, biology)

  6. Call for Professional Social Work Education • Mary Richmond read paper calling for training school in applied philanthropy • New York Charity Organization Society founded 6 week summer school • Later expanded to one year program • Became 2 year program in 1910 • Later: Columbia University School of Social Work

  7. Other Schools • University of Chicago (Hull House) • Boston • Bryn Mawr

  8. Curriculum • Initially stressed casework • Chicago stressed research, policy and administration • Eventually move for university affiliation • Need for involvement of other disciplines and use of research to inform policy decisions • Field work under faculty direction, not just apprenticeship

  9. Rise of Accreditation • Need for standards arose • 1920 Association of Training Schools of Professional Social Work • 1952 became Council on Social Work Education • Required university affiliation 1935

  10. Rise of Professional Journals • Proceedings of National Conference • Fledgling publications became Survey in 1907 • Published until 1952, strongly influenced development of profession • Emergence of Social Casework, Child Welfare, Social Service Review

  11. Rise of Professional Organizations • 1917 National Social Workers’ Exchange (employment bureau) • Opened membership to all interested • 1921 became American Association of Social Workers • By 1955 had merged with others and become NASW • Other professional organizations developed

  12. 1917 National Conference of Social Work • New name of National Conference of Charities and Corrections • State affiliates developed, and Alabama had one of the earliest • Alabama Conference of Social Work • Continues to this day and meets in each spring

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