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The Age of Absolutism…

The Age of Absolutism…. France In the Age of Absolutism. Henry IV (r. 1589-1610). – Bourbon King of France, Huguenot converted to Catholicism Edict of Nantes - France’s Tax System (3 Estates) - Parisian Exception - Duke of Sully - . Louis XIII (r 1610-1643).

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The Age of Absolutism…

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  1. The Age of Absolutism…

  2. France In the Age of Absolutism

  3. Henry IV (r. 1589-1610) – Bourbon King of France, • Huguenot converted to Catholicism Edict of Nantes - France’s Tax System (3 Estates) - Parisian Exception - Duke of Sully -

  4. Louis XIII (r 1610-1643) Cardinal Richelieu – ruled as his chief minister Goal – Huguenot Policies – Indendents - Shift in Power -

  5. The 30 Years War • Protestant Uprising in the Holy Roman Empire • Richelieu’s view on the war • Effects – • Treaty of Westphalia 1648

  6. Louis XIV (r. 1643-1715) • Fronde Rebellion – suspicious of France’s nobility • The building of Versailles • Ruled by the Divine Right of Kings

  7. Domestic & Economic Policies • No decisions w/out Louis’s approval • Jean Baptiste Colbert – financial minister • Colbert’s policies • Wars -

  8. Louis XIV’s Wars • Strongest, most powerful military in Europe • Extend France’s natural borders • Balance of power

  9. Early Russian Absolutism

  10. Russia Today

  11. Former Soviet Region Compared in Latitude & Area with the United States

  12. Topography of Russia

  13. Rich Soil of the Steppes Chernozen Soil

  14. Siberia  “Permafrost” • Average temperatures of January vary from 0 to -50°C, and in July from 1 to 25°C • 150,000,000 population. • A former “gulag” Soviet prison camp.

  15. Themes in Russian History • Expansion by conquest. • Need for warm-water ports. • The necessity of a strong, central government.

  16. Romanov Dynasty(1613-1917) Romanov Family Crest Michael Romanov (r. 1613-1645)

  17. The Pendulum of Russian History Pro-WestFor Progress & ChangeEncourage New Ideas,Technologies, etc. Anti-WestIsolationist Xenophobic Ultra-Conservative • A few Tsars • Intellectual elites • Merchants/ businessmen • Young members of the middle class. • Most Tsars • Russian Orthodox Church • Supported by the Military, Boyars (nobility) & peasants REFORM-MINDEDLEADERS DEMAGOGUES

  18. Peter the Great (r. 1682-1725) • Main Goal was to Westernize Russia

  19. Foreign Policy • Goal: To end Russia land locked situation • Acquire the Sea of Azov • Land was controlled by the Ottoman Turks • Needed help from Europe & a stronger Russia • Traveled through Europe (secretly) • Attempted to negotiate an alliance – failed • Learned much about the western culture

  20. Russia & Sweden After the Great Northern War • Improved Army training & weaponry using western techniques and strategies • War with Sweden • 1721 gained land on the Gulf of Finland

  21. Westernization • Moved capital to Moscow • Social Development • Women • Beards • Encouraged manufacturing and foreign trade • Modernized the army & reformed the government.

  22. The Nobility Under Peter the Great • Nobility & Orthodox Church came under Peter’s control. • Highly centralized government • “Service Nobility” – • Absolute power & the Church

  23. Catherine the Great ( 1762-1796) • Came to power after the murder of Peter III

  24. Catherine the Great ( 1762-1796) • As an Enlightened Ruler: • Supported the arts, sciences, literature & theater • Encouraged foreign investment in underdeveloped areas • Est. the Free Economic Society • Wanted to end serfdom but instead expanded it (1773) • Relaxed censorship & encouraged education for the nobility & middle class

  25. Catherine the Great ( 1762-1796) • On Foreign Policy & Expansion: • Expanded Russian land by 200,000 sq miles • Led 2 successful wars against the Ottoman Empire, annexing Crimea • 3 Polish Land grabs • 1767 – New Constitution

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