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The Path to Self-Rule in British Colonies: Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland

This lesson explores the development of self-rule in British colonies, particularly Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland. Key events include the establishment of the Dominion of Canada in 1867, the colonization and agricultural transformation of Australia and New Zealand, and the complex struggle for Irish home rule intensified by the Great Famine. The lesson highlights the contrasting experiences of these colonies, the cultural influences, and the ongoing tensions in Ireland. Key historical figures like Eamon De Valera and Michael Collins are discussed, alongside the lasting impacts of these movements.

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The Path to Self-Rule in British Colonies: Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland

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  1. Agenda 3-12 • BW – Define • CW – Other British Colonies • HW – Study for Test Friday • QOTD – “If war comes upon us, it will come as a thief in the night.” Eamonde Valera

  2. How did Self Rule come to other British Colonies?Notes - 4-7

  3. British Colonies • Canada, New Zealand, & Australia all were made dominions (given home rule) because culturally they were very similar to the British • Ireland, South Africa, & India also had movements for home rule but the British refused to give them independence, ETHNOCENTRISM/RACISM

  4. Canada • In 1867, Dominion of Canada formed • Dominion—self-governing but part of British Empire

  5. Australia and New Zealand • Captain James Cook claims New Zealand (1769), part of Australia (1770) • 1788, Britain colonizes Australia, makes it Penal colony • Upon release, prisoners could buy land and settle

  6. Free Settlers Arrive • Free people introduce sheep; wool becomes major export • Government offers cheap land to encourage immigration

  7. Self-Government • 1900s Australia and New Zealand get limited self-rule • In 1893, New Zealand the first nation to grant women suffrage

  8. Ireland • English domination of Ireland begins in the 1100s • British imposed their culture & tried to destroy the Irish culture, banned schools & the Celtic language

  9. The Great Famine • Irish peasants depend heavily on potatoes for nourishment • 1845-1848 potato famine destroys entire crop; one million out of eight million people die • Millions flee Ireland to U.S., Canada, Australia, Britain

  10. Demand for Home Rule • Many Irish want home rule • Home rule granted in 1914, then revoked, by WWI

  11. Rebellion and Division • Frustrated Irish nationalists stage failed Easter uprising in 1916 • Irish Republican Army—unofficial military force seeking independence • In 1921, Ireland splits; Northern Ireland remains part of Britain

  12. Leaders • EamonDeValera – Irish Independence leader, Anti-treaty, Later President of Ireland • Michael Collins - Irish Independence leader, General, Helped bring treaty with England, Assassinated in his hometown.

  13. Independence to Today • Ireland Remains Divided • Catholic vs. Protestant, Northern Ireland had a large Protestant population • South becomes Irish Free State, then Republic of Ireland in 1949. • Tensions in north are still high.

  14. Extra Credit – Watch the Full movie Michael Collins (on Youtube) and come up with a summary of the movie and at least 25 movie questions to follow it.

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