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The English Tenses

The English Tenses. Intermediate and up. The Present. There are 4 possibilities: Present Simple Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous. Present Simple (1). When to use : Routines and habits Permanent situations or facts States Adjuncts :

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The English Tenses

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  1. The English Tenses Intermediate and up

  2. The Present • There are 4 possibilities: • Present Simple • Present Continuous • Present Perfect • Present Perfect Continuous

  3. Present Simple (1) • Whentouse: • Routines andhabits • Permanent situations or facts • States • Adjuncts: • always - sometimes • (n)ever - seldom • usually - often • on Mondays - in weekends • everyday/week/month/year

  4. Present Simple (2) • Form: • I, you, we, they work / dress / carry • He, she, it works / dresses / carries • In questions and negative sentences + do(n’t)/ does(n’t) • Examples: • Water boils at 100 degrees. • It often rains in Holland. • I go to school by bike every day. • He doesn’t work in weekends.

  5. Present Continuous (1) • When to use: • Actions in progress now • Temporary actions around now • Change and development • Adjuncts: • now - today • at the moment - this weekend • Look, …. - this year

  6. Present Continuous (2) • Form: • I am working • He, she, it is leaving • We, you, they are lying • Examples: • Look, he is wearing a new sweater. • She is always talking during class!!! • I am visiting my aunt tomorrow. • I am studying for my English test today.

  7. Present Perfect (1) • When to use: • Actions and states that began in the past and continue up to now • Actions completed at an unspecified time in the past • Adjuncts: • Just, (n)ever, already, yet, recently, lately • since …, for …

  8. Present Perfect (2) • Form • I, you, we, they have walked / gone (3rd row) • He, she, it has loved / sent (3rd row) • Examples • He has lived in Sleeuwijk since 2001. • How long have you known her? • They have never watched a James Bond movie. • I can’t come, I have broken my leg.

  9. Present Perfect Continuous • When to use: • Actions in progress over a period of time up to now • Form: • I have been drinking/ he has been working • Examples: • I have been working for this company for 20 years. • He hasbeen studying for hours.

  10. The Past • There are 4 possibilities • Past Simple • Past Continuous • Past Perfect • Past Perfect Continuous

  11. Past Simple (1) • When to use: • Actions completed at a specific time in the past • Adjuncts: • yesterday - two days ago • during the war - this morning • last week/month/year - in 1998 • when I was young

  12. Past Simple (2) • Form: • I worked • We went (2nd row) • With questions and negative sentences + did(n’t) • Examples: • He worked for the government 10 years ago. • They didn’t teach English in the 19th century. • John lost his legs during the war. • When did you go to France?

  13. Past Continuous (1) • When to use: • Actions in progress in the past • Actions in progress when something else happened • Adjuncts: • While … • When ….

  14. Past Continuous (2) • Form: • I, he, she, it was walking • We, you, they were listening • Examples: • While I was reading, my mother came home. • When I was driving home, a car bumped into me.

  15. Past Perfect (1) • When to use: • The earlier of two past actions. • Adjuncts: • before • after • Most adjuncts of the Present Perfect can be used as well

  16. Past Perfect (2) • Form: • I had worked • We had seen (3rd row) • Examples: • When I entered the house, the thief had already gone. • I had locked the front door before I left. • After he had told me the story, I went to the police office to check.

  17. Past Perfect Continuous • When to use: • Actions in progress over a period of time in the past • Form: • I had been lying • Examples • I had been workingforthatcompanyfor 20 yearsbefore I was fired. • I had been studyingforhoursso I decided I deserved a break.

  18. The Future (1) • There are 4 possibilities: • Present Simple • Present Continuous • Shall / will • Be + going to + infinitive

  19. Present Simple (Future) • When to use: • timetables • Examples: • The train for Amsterdam leaves at 10 o’clock. • School starts at 8.30. Be there.

  20. Present Continuous (Future) • When to use • Arrangements such as appointments, meetings or events in the near future. They suggest the future is as sure as the present • Examples • I am leaving tomorrow, my bag is packed. • He has been working hard because he is spending a year in Australia after his exams.

  21. Shall / will • When to use: • Spontaneous decisions • Predictions based on opinions • Shall must be used in questions with I / we, in other sentences will can be used in all cases. • Examples: • I hear the door bell. I will answer it! • I think he will pass the test, he studied hard. • Shall I help you with your homework?

  22. Be + going to + ww • When to use: • Predictions based on evidence that we can see, hear or feel. • Plans, intentions and ambitions • Examples: • Look at the clouds. It is going to rain. • I am going to leave tomorrow. • My dad is going to work at the office next week.

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