Sept. 2, 2011

1. Sept. 2, 2011 You need: Paper/pencil HW – Frayer terms HW tonight…review notes! WARM UP: The body is organized into five levels (like our foldable). What are they? Give an example of each.

2. Learning Objective You should be able to… • Identify the five levels of organization. • Begin to recognize the parts of the skeletal system. Essential Question: How do all of the body systems function independently and interchangeably to allow for life? Remember you have some of your own questions, too!

3. Skeletal and Muscular Systems &

4. Organ Systems ORGANISM (BODY) • The other day we learned that our bodies are organized into several different levels: • Over the next few days, we will learn about two organ systems: the skeletal system and the muscular system ORGAN SYSTEM ORGANS TISSUES CELLS

5. The Skeletal System • The skeletal system is made up of all the bones in your body. • The adult human skeleton has 206 bones. • Babies actually have around 300 bones! As we grow, some small bones join together to form larger bones.

6. What does it do for us? Our skeleton… • Gives us shape and support, • Helps us move, • Protects our organs, • Produces blood cells, and • Stores stuff (like calcium and fat) until the body needs it.

7. How are bones connected? • Bones are connected by joints. (LIGAMENTS hold your bones together!) • Joints allow bones to move in different ways; for example, your elbow joint and your shoulder joint provide different types of motion • Some joints do not allow movement (like in your skull).

8. TYPES of JOINTS 1) HINGE JOINTallows back-and-forth movement (like the hinge on a door). • Examples: Knee, Elbow

9. TYPES of JOINTS 2) BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINTallows wide-range of motion. One bone with rounded end fits into a “cup-like” shape on another bone. Examples: Shoulder, Hip

10. TYPES of JOINTS 3)PIVOT JOINTallows one bone to rotate around another. Examples: Neck (can turn your head from side-to-side.) Forearm (can twist side-to-side).

11. TYPES of JOINTS 4) GLIDING JOINTallows one bone to slide over another. Examples: Wrists and Ankles let you bend and flex.

12. Are bones alive? • Yes! • The skeletal system, like all organ systems, is made of up organs (your bones), which are made up of living cells and tissues. • Bones grow and develop, and can heal themselves if you break one!

13. What is on the inside of a bone? • Bones contain four main layers: • Outer Membrane: Thin and tough; blood vessels and nerves enter the bone through the membrane. • Compact bone: Hard, dense layer of bone that has small canals carrying blood vessels and nerves. Canal

14. What is on the inside of a bone? 3. Spongy bone: This layer has many air spaces like a sponge to make the bones lightweight. 4. Marrow: Inside most bones; red marrow makes blood cells and yellow marrow stores fat.

15. Keeping Your Bones Healthy • Diet and exercise are two ways to keep your bones healthy • Eat foods high in calcium and phosphorus, like dairy products, meats, and leafy green vegetables. • Exercise gets your bones used to heavier loads, which makes them stronger.

16. Keeping Your Bones Healthy • Osteoporosis is a disease where bones lose minerals and become weak. • Osteoporosis mostly affects the elderly.

17. The Muscular System • Can you sit totally still without moving a muscle? Try it for 30 seconds! • Did you do it? • Did you blink? • Did you breathe? • Did your heart beat? • Did you swallow?

18. The Muscular System • Our muscles are ALWAYS at work, even when we don’t consciously try to move them • The muscular system is made of up all the muscles and tendons in your body • You have more than 600 muscles!

19. The Muscular System • Muscles are organs that can relax or contract to provide the force needed to move your body parts. • Tendons are strongtissues that attach muscles to bone.

20. Why do I need tendons? • Tendons attach muscles to bone helping the body move. • Feel your tendon right above your heel in the back of your leg. • This is the THICKEST tendon in your body (Achilles Tendon). Try This... TENDON

21. What do they do for us? Our muscles… • hold bones together so we can move, • hold our organs in place, • help us chew and digest our food, • pump our blood, and • allow us to blink, smile, walk, laugh, etc.

22. What types of muscles are there? Muscles can be… • Voluntary (you choose to use them) or Involuntary (they work without you thinking about them) And, they can be… • Skeletal (attached to bones), Smooth (in your digestive system), or Cardiac (in your heart) Skeletal Voluntary Smooth Involuntary Cardiac

23. What types of muscles are there? MUSCLES Voluntary Involuntary Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

24. How do muscles work? • Muscles can’t push. They only pull (contract) and then relax to return to original length. • Muscles often work in pairs, so that they can pull in different or opposite directions. • Example: bicep bends the elbow, and tricep extends the elbow.

25. How can you STRENGTHEN your muscular system? • EXERCISE EVERYDAY! Exercise makes individual muscle cells grow wider, thicker, and stronger. • EAT foods that are HIGH IN PROTEIN every day – protein helps to build strong muscles.

26. Fun Facts about the Muscular System • You have about 650 muscles in your body. Muscles make up HALF your body weight. • Eye muscles are the busiest muscles in the body. Scientists estimate they may move more than 100,000 times a day! • The largest muscle in the body is the gluteus maximus muscle in the buttocks. • Smiling is easier than frowning. It takes 20 muscles to smile and over 40 to frown.