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Thermodynamics Lecture Series

This lecture series by Assoc. Prof. Dr. J.J. explores the fundamental principles of thermodynamics as applied to steam power plants. The focus is on energy flow diagrams, gas mixtures, and thermodynamic cycles that optimize efficiency in power generation. Topics include the workings of high and low-temperature reservoirs, the significance of combustion mixtures, and the application of Dalton's and Amagat's laws. Students will gain insights into how to convert between gravimetric and volumetric analyses of gas mixtures, supporting practical applications in applied sciences.

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Thermodynamics Lecture Series

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  1. Thermodynamics Lecture Series Assoc. Prof. Dr. J.J. Combustion Applied Sciences Education Research Group (ASERG) Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA email: drjjlanita@hotmail.comhttp://www.uitm.edu.my/faculties/fsg/drjj1.html

  2. Review – Steam Power Plant High T Res., TH Furnace Working fluid: Water qin = qH Boiler Turbine out Pump in Condenser qout = qL qin- qout = out - in Low T Res., TL Water from river qin- qout = net,out A Schematic diagram for a Steam Power Plant

  3. Review - Steam Power Plant High T Res., TH Furnace Working fluid: Water Purpose: Produce work, Wout, out qin = qH Steam Power Plant net,out qout = qL Low T Res., TL Water from river An Energy-Flow diagram for a SPP

  4. O2 H2 + + 3 kmol 1 kmol H2 +O2 = = 4 kmol Gas Mixtures – Composition by Moles Composition Summary Gravimetric Analysis where Volumetric Analysis where

  5. O2 H2 + + PH2 PO2 H2 +O2 = = PH2+ PO2 Gas Mixtures – Additive Pressure Dalton’s Law • The total pressure exerted in a container at volume V and absolute temperature T, is the sum of component pressure exerted by each gas in that container at V, T. k is total number of components

  6. O2 H2 + + VH2 VO2 H2 +O2 = = VH2+ VO2 Gas Mixtures – Additive Volume Amagat’s Law • The total volume occupied in a container at pressure Pmix and absolute temperature Tmix, is the sum of component volumes occupied by each gas in that container at Pmix, Tmix. k is total number of components

  7. H2 +O2 Gas Mixtures –Pressure Fraction Partial Pressure Since • The pressure fraction for each gas inside the container is Hence the partial pressure is In general,

  8. H2 +O2 Gas Mixtures –Volume Fraction Partial Volume Since • The volume fraction for each gas inside the container is Hence the partial volume is In general,

  9. Converting gravimetric to volumetric Gas Mixtures –Combustion Mixture by weight is: 13.3% CO2; 0.95% CO; 8.35% O2; 77.4% N2. Let the mixture mass be 1 kg.

  10. Converting gravimetric to volumetric Gas Mixtures –Combustion Mixture by weight is: 13.3% CO2; 0.95% CO; 8.35% O2; 77.4% N2. Let the mixture mass be 1 kg.

  11. Converting volumetric to gravimetric Gas Mixtures –Combustion Mixture by volume is: 85% C; 7% H2; 5% O2; 3% S. Let the mixture volume be 1 kilomole.

  12. Converting volumetric to gravimetric Gas Mixtures –Combustion Mixture by volume is: 85% C; 7% H2; 5% O2; 3% S. Let the mixture volume be 1 kilomole.

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