Getulio Vargas (1930-1945)

1. Getulio Vargas(1930-1945) Bruno Olmedo Jonathan Rizkalla

6. Background (Theme 1) • Economic Problems • Absence of overland transportation (except for mules) did not allow for economic integration of Brazil • Had groupings of regional economies that exported surpluses to Europe and North America yea that was a mule

7. Background • Economic Problems • Poor economy • Stopped paying national debt • Caused banks to collapse • Elites supported agricultural economy to try to fix problem but they saw the majority of the population as cheap labor, so there was resentment

8. Background • Economic Problems • 1929 – The Great Depression had fatal impact on coffee exports • Brazilian economy crashed – led to political instability • President Washington Luís refused to change his economic policies to counter the depression • Growing discontent about economy

9. Background population elite • Social Problems • Population was disillusioned with the small elite minority owning everything and having so much power • Instigated rebellions • Elites saw education of the masses as useless and rather subversive • 1922 – Tenetismo – rebellious movement that reflected the dissatisfaction of the armed forces. • Two Naval Revolts(1891 & 1893–94), the Federalist Rebellion (1893–95), War of Canudos (1896–97), Vaccine Revolt (1904), Revolt of the Whip (1910) and Sedição de Juazeiro(1914). everything

10. Background i just wanna vote why does everyone hate me • Social Problems • Women and the poor were not allowed to vote • There was much voter suppression and fraud • 2.3% - 3.4% of total population voted • Many violent demonstrations, especially in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo • Revolt against seating of Artur da SlivaBernardes as president in the 1920’s marked the beginning of a series of revolts that would eventually lead to the 1930 coup. • Overthrew President Washington Luís ididn’t even want a uterus

13. Background • Political Problems • Decree 85A – first decree that allowed for the censorship of media • Caused unrest • Democratic system ruled by the elite • 2.3% - 3.4% of total population voted • Suppression of the poor by leaders of the country • Much corruption in the presidency over the years • Caused protests and uprisings government media

14. Background • Political Problems • Communist Party founded 1922 • Many revolts against presidents, especially in the 1920’s • Elite split in the 1930’s election after President Washington Luís refused to change his economic policy to deal with Great Depression • Official government candidate, Julio Prestes, supported by political machines in larger states • Won easily • Assassination of Joao Pessoa, Vargas’ running mate, erupted in 1930 coup

15. Background • Foreign Policy • Isolationist with sporadic alliances with nations that went against "disturbing elements of peace and international trade" • Remained neutral in WWI until 1917 when the president, VenceslauBrás, was being heavily accused of corruption and suppression • He needed a distraction and focused on the war • Declared war on the Central Powers (Germany, Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary) after the Lusitania was sunk • Immediately ordered the capture of the ships from these nations in the coast of Brazil • Later sent Naval Force and Naval Division in War Operations (DNOG) commanded by Pedro Max Frontin • Reduced involvement in 1918 due to Spanish flu, protests against military recruitment, and the fear the elites had that an event like the 1905 Russian Revolution could happen in Brazil • Gained Brazil spot in Versailles

16. Leadership • Social Background • GetulioDornelles Vargas was born on April 19th, 1882 in Sao Borja, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazilian Empire. • Roman Catholic • His occupations include lawyer and politician as well as dictator • His spouse was Darcy Lima Sarmanho; married in 1911 and had five children • Rumors say he was having an affair with Aimee de Heeren, whom never confirmed nor denied the rumors

21. Leadership • Social Background • His parents were Manuel do Nascimento Vargas and CândidaDornelles Vargas • His father was from Sao Paulo while his mother was of a wealthy Azorean family of Portuguese descent. • Traditional family of “Gauchos” • Cattle rancher with a Doctorate in Law • First began in the military and then switched over to the study of law • Positions held: • Rio Grande do Sul State Legislature • Chamber of Deputies in 1922 • Floor leader for his state’s delegation in Congress • Finance Minister (1926-1928) • Governor of Rio Grande do Sul

22. Leadership • Personality • Dominant • Likeable • Appealed to the common man • One of Brazil’s most controversial personalities • Nicknamed “Ge-Ge” – likable to the masses • Strong public affection

23. Leadership • Dominant Ideas • Urged the adoption of the universal and secret ballot in an effort to end electoral corruption • Favored nationalism, industrialization, centralization, social welfare, populism and liberal reforms • Also nicknamed “O Pai dos Pobres” – Father of the Poor • Promoted worker’s rights • However, he was Anti-Communist • Economic nationalist

25. Rise to Power • Major interest groups supporting the Party (Theme 2) • Supporters • Coalition of smaller states, opposition parties, working class, and discontented elements in the military and in urban centers

27. Rise to Power • Major interest groups supporting the Party (Theme 2) • Leaders • Ruy Barbosa – main opposition leader in 1920’s • Campaigned for internal political changes • Getulio Vargas – opposition for 1930 election against Julio Prestes • Governor of Rio Grande do Sul • Organized support for himself • João Pessoa – Vargas’ running mate • Murdered – causing 1930 Revolution to erupt ruy getulio joão

28. Rise to Power • Party Ideology (Theme 3) • Wanted social and political reform • Voting rights • End of the elite domination • Higher pay • Democratic reform • Supported the “unrepresented” population • Basically whoever wasn’t the elite • Promoted trying to fix the problems of the middle class (bourgeoisie) rising to power cant stop me reform yeah right dude im a dictator the elite sux peasants rule bourgeoisseessegeae rule too

29. Rise to Power • Party Organization (Theme 3) • As governor of Rio Grande do Sul, Vargas had political power • Liberal Alliance opposition leader • Landowners would dominate rural areas under any Liberal Alliance government landowner RURAL AREA

30. Rise to Power • Party Organization (Theme 3) • Vargas founded Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrático) • Northeastern oligarchies integrated • Façade of a populism • Party goals were never constant – always changing

31. Rise to Power • Party Organization (Theme 3) • Gaúchosof Rio Grande do Sul and the sugar barons of the northeast also gathered new urban groups to the forefront of the party • Liberal Alliance gained more power

32. Rise to Power • Major interest groups opposed to the Party (i.e. parties) • Supporters (i.e. landowners, industrialists, petit bourgeois, etc.) • Political machines in larger states • Small elite • Opposition leadership • Washington Luís • Paulista • Selection of him as presidential candidate (1930 elections) caused resentment in leaders from other regions that wanted their turn in power • Julio Prestes

33. Rise to Power • Opposition ideology (if any) • Conservative • Resistant to any change in politics and society • Dominated politics and the economy • Favored the elite over the majority of the population • Café com leitepolitics • Coffee and dairy products were huge industries in Brazil and the landed gentry dominated these • Therefore they dominated politics and economy • Stuck to hard-money politics • Stuck to an economic policy that had no support from the Brazilian people

34. Rise to Power • Description of Key Events in the Seizure of Power (Theme 3) Should include key stages but should not get involved in minutiae. • 1920’s revolts • Series of several revolts against elite • Tenentes were the military officers that contributed the most to the escalation to the 1930 rebellion and to Getulio Vargas’ party • Assassination of João Pessoa • The last straw - triggered rebellion in October of 1930 • Fighting between elite and Vargas’ supporters • President Washington Luis stepped down one month later

35. Rise to Power • Analysis of Crucial Factors in the Achievement of Power (Theme 3) • The elite had dominated Brazil for too long and the majority of the population got tired of it • Getulio Vargas rose as a leader and organized the masses against the existing government • Resentment fueled more people to join revolution • Vargas was very popular among the middle and lower classes

36. Rise to Power • He had a powerful political network • Very influential • When Vargas lost to Washington Luís in the 1930 elections, disgruntled politicians and their allies spoke up – resentment rose • When revolution broke out, state militias joined to march to capital

37. Rise to Power • Analysis of Crucial Factors in the Achievement of Power (Theme 3) • President Washington Luís, clearly outnumbered, decided to step down • His plans of social reform were attractive to the larger population, so he gained more influence and power in the first years of the Estado Novo • Vargas moved swiftly to remove opposition leaders from power – ruled by decree • “interventors” – replacements for leaders - reported directly to Vargas • threw off power of political machines – gave power to factions that supported Vargas in 1930 election getuliovargas

38. Rise to Power • Analysis of Crucial Factors in the Achievement of Power (Theme 3) • Realignment of political forces in São Paulo achieved • not without Constitutionalist Rebellion taking place • paulistashated Vargas and João Alberto (the “interventor” for São Paulo) and wanted the promised constitution • rebels had to surrender because armed forces surrounded them • Disintegrated tenentes to avoid possible opposition despite their support before the coup paulistas

39. Single Party Rule • Description of the Consolidation of Power (Themes 3, 4) Should include key stages but should not get involved in minutiae. Questions which should be considered include: • Is there originally power-sharing with allied groups? • Vargas strengthened his network of political allies; however, he maintained his strong rule by not sharing power with others. He was strictly dictatorial. In fact, in the creation of the Estado Novo Vargas created a new constitutional that concentrated basically all power in his own hands. • He placed “interventors” in each region to replace opposition leaders, but they were inferior to him.

40. Single Party Rule • Is there an internal party purge? (Does the Revolution, like Cronos, devour its children?) • There is no internal party purge and the Revolution does no devour its children like Cronos. Vargas had no specific party, which is why his dictatorship, although authoritarian, cannot be considered fascist.

41. Single Party Rule • Is there a Thermidorean Reaction? • Yes, there was a Thermidorean Reaction because the government in power was overthrown and replaced by a new government which later became the Estado Novo. This was the name given to the new dictatorship formed by Vargas in order to remain in power. However, Vargas did establish a constitution and ruled by constitutional decree from 1934 until 1937 when he chose to violate it and impose himself as dictator once again. wats a thermsiedteareaon reaction sounds lyk a weapon of mass destruction wats my job again? oh yes president of the middle east yes why was i president i voted for obama

42. Single Party Rule • How is power exercised over the entire nation? (This includes institutional structures, such as education, mobilization of youth, propaganda, secret police, etc.) • He used “interventors”, which reported to him directly from each state. Vargas also instituted many reforms that paralleled the New Deal reforms of FDR in the United States. • Vargas imposed censorship. • He established a centralized police force. • Also, he induced such a strong sense of nationalism that it surpassed class boundaries and united the public in favor of the state.

50. Single Party Rule • How are opposition groups dealt with? • As previously mentioned, he replaced the governors of the states with “interventors” of his choice that reported to him directly. In this way he had total control over the entire nation and the opposition leaders were replaced. • Vargas abolished political parties. • He filled prisons with political dissidents. VARGAS