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“Cellular RESPIRATION”

“Cellular RESPIRATION”. What is the difference between respiration and breathing ?. Respiration. The transfer of stored energy in food molecules to a form usable by the organism AND involves the exchange of gases between the organism and the environment. Process.

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“Cellular RESPIRATION”

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  1. “Cellular RESPIRATION”

  2. What is the difference between respiration and breathing?

  3. Respiration • The transfer of stored energy in food molecules to a form usable by the organism AND • involves the exchange of gases between the organism and the environment

  4. Process • Through the process of respiration, the organism produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which will be used for energy

  5. Process (ADP + P) (ATP) Click on this link and be patient as it loads: From food to Fuel

  6. 1. Cellular Respiration • Involves a series of enzyme-controlled reactions in which energy in food is broken down into energy that the organism can use (ATP)

  7. Hydrolysis of ATP When ATP is broken down, energy is released and ADP is formed H2O + ATP  ADP + P + energy • This is the energy used by the body to carry out the functions of life • ADP = adenosine diphosphate

  8. Do Now: • What words would you cluster if you heard the words AEROBIC RESPIRATION? • And explain why?

  9. Do Now: • What words would you cluster if you heard the words AEROBIC RESPIRATION? • Aerobic Respiration Mitochondria Energy ATP Oxygen

  10. Glycolysis (splitting glucose) 2PGAL (C3H5O3) Glucose (C6H12O6) +2 ATP 2 pyruvic acid +4 ATP Net Gain:???

  11. Glycolysis (splitting glucose) • Net Energy Yield from Glycolysis • Energy requiring steps: • 2 ATP invested • Energy releasing steps: • 2 NADH formed • 4 ATP formed • Net yield is 2 ATP and 2 NADH

  12. Glycolysis (splitting glucose) All three reactions with Glycolysis • Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm • Reactions are catalyzed by enzymes Glucose 2 Pyruvate (six carbons) (three carbons)

  13. Types of Respiration • Aerobic Respiration -involves the use of oxygen 2. Anaerobic Respiration -oxygen is not used

  14. Respiration Respiration • Respiration- is an organisms’ ability to create energy. (ATP) Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration Alcoholic Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation

  15. Anaerobic Respiration • Also known as Fermentation • Does not require oxygen • Takes place in the cytoplasm of cell • Glucose is either broken down into lactic acid or alcohol and CO2 • As a result of anaerobic respiration, there is a net gain of 2 ATP’s

  16. Equations for Anaerobic Respiration lactic acid Fermentation glucose  2 lactic acids + 2 ATP’s glucose  2 alcohol + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP’s • In each equation, enzymes are used and a net gain of 2 ATP’s are produced Alcohol fermentation

  17. Lactic Acid Fermentation 2 ATP 2 pyruvic acid Lactic Acid Glucose 4 ATP “Lactic Acid Fermentation

  18. Lactic Acid Fermentation ****Net gain: 2 ATP **Not very efficient*** **Carried out by Bacteria and HUMAN MUSCLE CELLS (during muscle fatigue) **Ever heard, ”NO PAIN NO GAIN?” **This is when muscles cells have used all of their provided O2 but they (muscles) require more energy. Soooo they then carry out LAF. **Major economic importance to the dairy industry due to the production of yogurt, sour cream, buttermilk.

  19. Alcoholic Fermentation 2 ATP 2 Pyruvic acid Glucose Alcohol + CO2 4 ATP “Alcoholic Fermentation”

  20. Alcoholic Fermentation ****Net gain: 2 ATP **Not very efficient*** Produces Alcohol + CO2 Economic importance to the baking and brewery industries

  21. Alcoholic FermentationIdentify what would “X” be?

  22. Aerobic Respiration • Requires oxygen • Takes place in the mitochondria • When we say that glucose is oxidized, we say that it is broken down with the help of oxygen molecules

  23. Who am I?

  24. Who am I? ANSWER • The mitochondria

  25. Equation for Aerobic Respiration glucose + O2 H2O + CO2 + 36 ATP’s • Again, enzymes are used and a net of 36 ATP’s are produced

  26. Aerobic Respiration 2 ATP 2 Pyruvic acid O2 Water + CO2 + Glucose +4 ATP +34 ATP ***Net Gain = 36 ATPs***

  27. Aerobic Respiration ***Net Gain = 36 ATPs*** **most efficient ** 2 phases, anaerobic and an aerobic phase Carried out by humans, plants, protists, and a whole lot more.

  28. Figure 9–2 Cellular Respiration: An Overview Section 9-1 Mitochondrion Electrons carried in NADH Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Pyruvic acid Glucose Electron Transport Chain Krebs Cycle Glycolysis Mitochondrion Cytoplasm

  29. Video 1 Video 1 • Click the image to play the video segment. Aerobic Respiration

  30. Video 2 Video 2 • Click the image to play the video segment. Glycolysis

  31. Video 3 Video 3 • Click the image to play the video segment. Krebs Cycle, Part 1

  32. Aerobic Respiration • 3 steps

  33. Summary • Anaerobic Respiration = 2 ATP’s • Aerobic Respiration = 36 ATP’s • Therefore, Aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic respiration

  34. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

  35. Aerobic Respiration and Photosynthesis http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/water/fhp/lakes/under/oxygen.htm

  36. Are the lights that hang over this lab setup on or off? Carbon Dioxide Output vs. Time

  37. Aerobic Respiration • glucose + O2 H2O + CO2 +energy (36ATP’s) Photosynthesis • H2O + CO2 +energy  glucose + H2O + O2

  38. Adaptations for Respiration

  39. Monera, Protista, and Fungi • Gas exchange occurs by diffusion through a thin, moist cell membrane

  40. Plants • Leaves- have stomates for gas exchange • Stems- have lenticels for gas exchange • Roots- gas exchange occurs across a moist membrane of root hairs (diffusion)

  41. Hydra • Each cell of the hydra is in contact with the watery environment and gas exchange occurs by diffusion

  42. Earthworm • Double Diffusion • Skin • Circulatory System • Requires moist skin • The earthworm absorbs oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide through a thin skin. • This skin is protected by a thin cuticle secreted by the epidermis and kept moist by a slimy mucus also produced by epidermal cells.

  43. Grasshopper • Uses Tracheal Tubes • Air Sacs • Spiracles

  44. TO RESPIRE:inhaling and exhaling… • Inhalation = O2 (oxygen) enters the body system • Exhalation =CO2 (carbon dioxide) is passed out of the body

  45. Your Respiratory System Nose (nasal cavity) Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles alveoli pleura diaphragm

  46. Synthesis You’re doing A fine job dear….

  47. Your Metabolism has two major phases. • Catabolism-the breaking down of complex substances. • The destructive phase of your metabolism AKA: • Anabolism- the building of new substances. AKA- Synthesis (Digestion or Hydrolysis)

  48. Synthesis • A process by which simple substances are combined “chemically” to form more complex substances. • These materials are used for growth and repair of the organism.

  49. The Borg Ingestion Digestion Transport Synthesis Growth

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