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Nuclear Fission

Lise Meitner, Otto Hahn, and Leo Szilard were key figures in the discovery of nuclear fission. Born in the late 19th century, Meitner and Hahn collaborated closely, co-discovering protactinium. After fleeing the Nazis, Meitner recognized nuclear fission while at the Nobel Physical Institute. Hahn received the Nobel Prize for his work in chemistry related to fission. Szilard, who worked on the Manhattan Project, co-invented the first nuclear reactor and was instrumental in advocating for atomic bomb research during WWII. Their groundbreaking work transformed nuclear science and energy.

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Nuclear Fission

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  1. Nuclear Fission LiseMeitner, Otto Hahn & Leo Szilard Lina Brouse and Kelly Scott

  2. Lise Meitner D.O.B 7 November 1878- 27 October 1968 • from Vienna, Austria • head of the dept. of Physics at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute (in the basement) • For decades she collaborated closely with Otto Hahn, with whom she co-discovered protactinium in 1917 • (1938) After fleeing from the Nazis she worked at the Nobel Physical Institute in Stockholm where she realized she had split an uranium nucleus, calling it fission • Eventually opened the doors for making atomic bombs

  3. Otto Hahn D.O.B. 28 July 1879- 28 July 1968 • Born in Frankfurt am Main, German Empire • Met Meitner in 1907 and helped her escape to safety in the Netherlands(1938) • Also worked with Fritz Strassmann (bottom right) • Received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry from his discoveries of nuclear fission

  4. LeóSzilárdD.O.B. February 11, 1898- May 30, 1964 • Born in Budapest, Hungary • Didn’t work with Hahn and Meitner, but with Enrico Fermi (bottom right) • was a part of the Manhattan Project in creating atomic bombs • was the co-inventor with Enrico Fermi of the first nuclear reactor

  5. Nuclear Fission • Nuclear fission is the reaction from a subatomic particle hitting a larger isotope, causing the nucleus of the isotope to split, resulting in the release of energy. • Along with the energy, the reaction creates more isotopes to be released, causing a chain reaction. • Nuclear fission could be man-made or found in nature as a form of radioactive decay

  6. Nuclear Fission (cont.) • Fission is also a form of transmutation • Barium was found to be a product of nuclear fission with uranium. • Nuclear Fission may give off a good, dense amount of energy, but it gives off more radioactivity • In order for nuclear fission to take place, there must be a large amount of the substance and it must have high speed neutrons.

  7. Contributions • Otto Hahn first discovered Barium-141, while working on the effects of neutrons involving Uranium-235. • This lead Lise Meitner to work with the neutron bombardment which resulted in her discovery that fission generated a great amount of energy in emitted. • She also discovered the chain reaction from the fission.

  8. Contributions (cont.) • Leó Szilárd also became aware of this chain reaction using uranium and thought of how this energy and reaction could be put to use like a nuclear reactor or atomic bombs. • He also worked with Albert Einstein to help President Franklin Roosevelt with an atomic bomb in WWII

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