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ICT in Medicine

Ch 52. ICT in Medicine. 2. Introduction. ICT is used in many ways in the provision and management of healthcare services: Hospital administration Medical training Maintenance of patient records Communications between doctors/patients/hospitals Diagnosis Monitoring Surgeries. Objectives.

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ICT in Medicine

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  1. Ch 52 ICT in Medicine 2

  2. Introduction • ICT is used in many ways in the provision and management of healthcare services: • Hospital administration • Medical training • Maintenance of patient records • Communications between doctors/patients/hospitals • Diagnosis • Monitoring • Surgeries

  3. Objectives You should have an understanding of a wide range of work-related ICT applications and their effects, including applications in medicine • doctors’ information systems • hospital and pharmacy records • Monitoring • expert systems for diagnosis

  4. We are looking at the processes in a logical order, considering the advantages and disadvantages of using ICT in each one.

  5. So far…. We have looked at the following: • Patient record systems • The data that is held on patients • The advantages of computerizes systems over paper-based ones • How appointments are managed • Electronic booking systems • The use of ICT in diagnosis

  6. Today: • The use of Expert Systems for diagnosis • ICT in Ambulance Control • ICT in Medical treatments

  7. Expert systems Expert systems allow medical staff with limited medical knowledge (e.g. nurses) to get advice from a computer 'expert'

  8. What happens?

  9. Inputs • Medical staff inputs patient's symptoms (or answers questions about them)

  10. Process • The inference engine searches the knowledge base (a collection of medical knowledge) to find possible diagnoses

  11. Outputs • The system outputs a list of possible diagnoses, and treatments

  12. Advantages • Used by? • Does it replace a doctor? • Supports doctor • Allows consultation • Massive amount of info: everybody is different! Data from many experts • One symptom can have many explanations • Data can be kept up to date • Always available 24/7 • Can be used at a distance

  13. Disadvantages • Cost • Training • Responses must be accurate • Life or death: no room for ambiguity of responses • Questions have to be VERY carefully framed • No human interaction • Reasoning only as good as rules it is given

  14. Ambulances • http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/7895730.stm

  15. Ambulance control • When you phone for an ambulance one will be sent to you as quickly as possible. • This can only happen because the ambulance control centre have a system that lets them know exactly where each ambulance is at any given time.

  16. Ambulance control • Which ambulances are already carrying a patient to hospital • Which are already on their way to another emergency. • Which available ambulance is the closest to you.

  17. Ambulance control • Ambulances use GPS Satellite Navigation systems to locate places and drive to emergency calls quickly. This can be a great help especially if a crew isn't familiar with an area. • BUT GPS Sat-Navs are not perfect - they sometimes provide a poor route and so ambulance drivers will rely on their own expert local knowledge to get there as easily as possible - minutes count!

  18. Treatment • Once a diagnosis has been made then the correct method of treatment can be chosen. • Technology is used to treat many medical and surgical conditions.

  19. Ventilators • If a patient is too ill to breathe for themselves, perhaps after major surgery or an accident, then a ventilator is used. • A ventilator is a mechanical device which pumps oxygen in and carbon dioxide out of a patient's lungs. • Embedded processors monitor the oxygen levels being given to the patient, the amount of 'breaths' per minute and the pressure of each 'breath' (too much pressure could burst the lungs).

  20. Pacemaker • If a patient has an irregular heartbeat then a pacemaker can be fitted during an operation. • A pacemaker is a small, battery operated titanium device which is placed into the chest area. • A lead runs into the heart chamber. The tip of the lead contains an electrode which can send a small electrical pulse to stimulate the heart in beating at a regular rate.

  21. Artificial limbs • For centuries, if people lost a limb such as an arm or a leg then they could be given an artificial replacement. Years ago they were very crude and were mainly used just to make the person look 'normal'. • However, advances in technology has not only been improving the way that artificial limbs look but more recently their things that they can do. • Limbs have been developed which can be stimulated by electrical impulses sent by the user's brain, thus allowing them some movement.

  22. Artificial eyes

  23. Artificial eyes

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