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Explore the alliances and major battles of World War II, including the Axis Powers' conquests and the Allies' efforts to push them back. Learn about key events such as the Battle of Stalingrad, Operation Torch, and Operation Overlord.
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The Alliances of World War II The Allies * The USA * * Great Britain * * France * * The USSR (Russia) * * China * The Axis Powers * Germany * * Italy * * Japan * VS.
The Axis Powers had conquered much of the world by 1942. Germany conquered in Europe and Japan conquered in Asia and the Pacific.
Great Britain and the USA Winston Churchill, the Prime Minister of Britain, and FDR agreed to attack in Europe first, even though it was Japan that attacked the USA at Pearl Harbor. In the Battle of the Atlantic, Hitler used submarines to attack USA ships, like Germany used in WW I. This hurt Britain by cutting off aid from the USA. -Eventually, despite the submarines, the USA’s intervention turned the momentum of the Battle of the Atlantic in favor of the Allies.
Even though Japan attacked Pear Harbor, FDR and Churchill agreed to attack Germany and Italy first. The USA needed France and Britain protected before they took on Japan.
Germany vs. the USSR: The Eastern Front In 1941, Germany broke the Nonaggression Pact with the USSR and invaded the Soviet Union. Yet, the winter weather stopped the Nazis from advancing. In the summer of 1942, Hitler tried to go further and take Russian oil field areas. At the Battle of Stalingrad, in 1943, the Nazis became trapped by the USSR. Hitler wanted the industry of the city to be controlled by the Nazis. Stalin ordered troops to surround the city and cut off supplies to the Nazis. Over one million soldiers were lost by the Russians. Yet, after this incident, Russia was on the offensive and the Nazis tried to retreat back to Germany.
Operation Barbarossa involved the taking over the city called Stalingrad. Stalingrad
Stalin surrounded Stalingrad to starve out the Nazis. Yet, his own people starved as well.
Stalin set up a blockade around Stalingrad, starving the Nazis out and forcing Germany to retreat out of the USSR. Stalingrad
Operation Torch: The North African Front Stalin urged Britain and the USA to invade Western Europe. Yet, the USA and Britain were not ready for such an assault against Nazi occupied Europe. Instead they launched Operation Torch. The Allies invaded Northern Africa and were led by Dwight D. Eisenhower. They entered through Casablanca, Oran, and Algiers. General Erwin Rommel led the AfrikaKorpsfor Nazi Germany. He was defeated by the Allies in May of 1943.
In Operation Torch, the Allies first invaded Northern Africa before making their way to Europe.
Operation Torch
After taking North Africa, the Allies invaded Mussolini’s Italy
The Allies Invade Italy After taking Northern Africa, in the Summer 1943, the Allies gained Sicily, an island off the coast of Italy. Now, they were ready to take the Italian peninsula. In June of 1943, King Victor Emmanuel II removed Mussolini from power. The 99th Pursuit Squadron, called the Tuskegee Airmen, an all African American squadron, helped to take Italy. Italy quickly surrendered to the Allies. Mussolini tried to escape, but was captured by the Allies and executed.
The Tuskegee Airmen, an all African American Squadron, helped take Italy.
Mussolini, a fellow fascist, was a strong supporter of Hitler and now the Allies had invaded his country and he tried to flee to Germany.
Mussolini tried to escape to Germany with his mistress, Clara Petacci. The Allies apprehended Mussolini and his mistress. Both were shot along with many aboard their train, primarily leaders of the Italian Social Republic.
Operation Overlord Eisenhower also led this operation. On 6/6/1944, D-Day, the invasion of Normandy, commenced. Allied troops stormed the beaches of France to liberate the French from Germany. Over one million troops landed within one month. General Omar Bradley led Operation Cobra, the Allies’ march beyond Normandy. George Patton led his Third Army and took the Seine River area south of Paris. By September of 1944, France, Belgium, and Luxembourg were free from Nazi control. The Allied invasion of Europe was working, Hitler was being pushed back to Germany.
Dwight Eisenhower led the efforts of Operation Torch and Operation Overlord.
General Omar Bradley led in Operation Cobra, the Allies’ march beyond Normandy.
George Patton led his Third Army and took the Seine River area south of Paris.
After the success of Operation Torch in Northern Africa, the Allies launched Operation Overlord to push the Nazis out of France and invade Nazi occupied Europe.
Operation Overlord was the initial Western invasion of Nazi Occupied Europe by the Allies.
Allied soldiers invaded the beaches of Normandy, France, which was controlled by the Nazis.
The Battle of the Bulge The Allies were pushing the Nazis back to Germany. Hitler sent troops to the Belgian port of Antwerp to break supply lines. He was trying to violently rush into the region and take it. Germany lost over 100,000 troops and they never took Antwerp. This was a failure for the Nazis and it was clear the Allies were going to push them all the way back to Germany. When this battle was over, the Allies began to advance forward. They started to liberate those trapped in concentration camps.
Victory for the Allies The Soviets were the first to discover the death camps. Massive crematories, dead bodies, and other proofs remained of the wicked actions of the Holocaust. In April of 1945, the Soviets invaded Berlin and attacked. Hitler left a suicide note. However, his body was never found. On 4/12/1945, FDR died. He had complications with polio for much of his life and had a stroke. Harry Truman became president. On 5/8/1945, Victory in Europe Day “V-E Day” was celebrated as the Allies successfully crushed the Nazi Regime.
The USA celebrated as Victory in Europe was achieved.
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