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BMR OF METABOLISM

BIOCHEMISTRY

mprasadnaidu
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BMR OF METABOLISM

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  1. Metabolism of BMR M.Prasad Naidu MSc Medical Biochemistry, Ph.D.Research Scholar

  2. Cellular respiration Fermentation Metabolism BMR

  3. The body’s preferred source to produce cellular energy (ATP) • Glucose (blood sugar) is the major digestive product and serves as fuel to make ATP Carbohydrate Metabolism Figure 14.17

  4. Metabolic Pathways Involved in Cellular Respiration Figure 14.18

  5. Glucose Pyruvicacid Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvic acid Figure 6.9A Energy yield: 2 ATP and 2 NADH

  6. Pyruvicacid Acetyl CoA(acetyl coenzyme A) CO2 Pyruvic acid is altered for the citric acid cycle Figure 6.10

  7. enzymes convert acetyl to CO2 and generate NADH and FADH2 molecules Acetyl CoA 2 CITRIC ACID CYCLE CO2 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic fuel Figure 6.11A

  8. Steps in the Electron Transport System 1. Set up H+ gradient using energy of e- from NADH, FADH2 2. Downhill flow of H+ is used to make ATP Figure 3.28

  9. cell outer membrane inner membrane mitochondrion

  10. An overview of cellular respiration High-energy electrons carried by NADH GLYCOLYSIS ELECTRONTRANSPORT CHAINAND CHEMIOSMOSIS CITRIC ACIDCYCLE Glucose Pyruvicacid Cytoplasmicfluid Mitochondrion Figure 6.8

  11. Without oxygen, cells can use glycolysis alone to produce small amounts of ATP • But a cell must replenish NAD+ Fermentation is an anaerobic alternative to aerobic respiration Glucose Pyruvicacid

  12. In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid • NAD+ is recycled • Contributes to muscle soreness GLYCOLYSIS 2 Pyruvicacid 2 Lactic acid Glucose Figure 6.15B

  13. Pathways of molecular breakdown Food, such as peanuts Polysaccharides Fats Proteins Sugars Glycerol Fatty acids Amino acids Amino groups Pyruvicacid ELECTRONTRANSPORT CHAINAND CHEMIOSMOSIS Glucose G3P AcetylCoA CITRIC ACIDSCYCLE GLYCOLYSIS Figure 6.16

  14. Biosynthesis of macromolecules from intermediates in cellular respiration ATP needed todrive biosynthesis GLUCOSE SYNTHESIS CITRIC ACIDCYCLE AcetylCoA Pyruvicacid G3P Glucose Aminogroups Amino acids Fatty acids Glycerol Sugars Proteins Fats Polyscaccharides Cells, tissues, organisms Figure 6.17

  15. Energy intake = total energy output (heat + work + energy storage) • Energy intake from food oxidation • Proteins, carbs have 4 Cal/gm • Fats have 9 Cal/gm • Energy output • Heat is usually about 60% • Storage energy is in the form of fat or glycogen Body Energy Balance

  16. Body weight is usually relatively stable • Energy intake and output remain about equal • Mechanisms that may regulate food intake • Levels of nutrients in the blood • Hormones: leptin, ghrelin • Body temperature • Psychological factors Regulation of Food Intake

  17. Basic metabolic rate (BMR) reflects the amount of energy spent per unit of time by a body at rest • Factors that influence BMR: • Body shape (height and weight), gender, body composition, age, stress, food intake, genetics • TMR = Total Metabolic Rate • Total energy spent, includes activity above BMR Metabolic Rate and Body Heat Production

  18. Johnson: your weight in kg (# lbs/2.2) x 24 (x 0.9 if female) = Calories per day • Your weight in kg (# lbs/2.2) x % lean mass males usually 82-88% females usually 75-82% Then check table (next slide) Estimation of BMR

  19. ESTIMATION OF RESTING METABOLIC RATE (RMR) • BASED ON FAT-FREE BODY MASS (FFM) • FFM RMR FFM RMR FFM RMR • (kg) (kcal) (kg) (kcal) (kg) (kcal) • 30 1018 58 1623 86 2228 • 31 1040 59 1644 87 2249 • 32 1061 60 1666 88 2271 • 33 1083 61 168889 2299 • 34 1104 62 1709 90 2314 • 35 1126 63 1731 91 2336 • 36 1148 64 1752 92 2357 • 37 1169 65 1774 93 2379 • 38 1191 66 1796 94 2400 • 39 1212 67 1817 95 2422 • 40 1234 68 1839 96 2444 • 41 1256 691860 97 2465 • 42 1277 70 1882 98 2487 • 43 1299 71 1904 99 2508 • 44 1320 72 1925 100 2530 • 45 1342 73 1947 101 2552 • 46 1364 74 1968 102 2373 • 47 1385 75 1990 103 2595 • 48 1407 76 2012 104 2616 • 49 1428 77 2033 105 2638 • 50 145078 2055 106 2660 • 51 1472 79 2076 107 2681 • 52 1493 80 2098 106 2703 • 53 1515 81 2120 109 2724 • 54 1536 82 2141 110 2746 • 55 1558 83 2163 111 2768 • 56 1580 84 2184 112 2789 • 57 1601 85 2206 113 2811

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