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Hesheng Chen Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing 100049, China

Overview of particle physics activities in China. Hesheng Chen Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing 100049, China. Outline. BEPCII Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment Particle astrophysics Yanbgjing cosmic ray observatory Space program Multiple discipline research

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Hesheng Chen Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing 100049, China

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  1. Overview of particle physics activities in China Hesheng Chen Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing 100049, China

  2. Outline • BEPCII • Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment • Particle astrophysics • Yanbgjing cosmic ray observatory • Space program • Multiple discipline research • Chinese Spallation Neutron Source • Major proposals under discussion

  3. Institute of High Energy Physics • Institute of Modern Physics: established at 1950 • Institute of High Energy Physics: independent Institute for Particle physics at 1973 → Comprehensive and largest fundamental research center in China • 1200 employees, 2/3 of them are physicists and engineers, • 450 PhD Students and postdoctors • Goal of IHEP: multiple discipline research center based on large scientific facilities.

  4. Major research fields at IHEP • Particle physics: • Charm physics @ BEPC • LHC exp. • Yangbajing cosmic ray observatory • particle astrophysics • n physics: Daya Bay reactor n exp. • Accelerator technology and applications • High Lumi. e+e- collider: BEPCII • High power proton accelerator • Radiation technologies and multidiscipline • Synchrotron radiation source and applications • Spallation neutron source and application • Multiple discipline research: biology, nano-sciences, energy,environment……

  5. Particle physics experiment group : LHC, RHIC, Kamiokande… • Univ. of Science and Technology of China, Hefei • Peking Univ. • Tsinghua Univ. • Shandong Univ. • Huazhong Normal Univ. • Chinese Inst. of Atomic Energy • Nanjing Univ. • …… Dozens of PP and NP theory groups in institutes and universities.

  6. BEPCII:a high luminosity double–ring collider SC RF Two rings

  7. Joint Commissioning • BESIII detector moved into the IR in May • Joint commissioning started 22 June.

  8. As expected, luminosity increased to 3*1032 at about 500mAWithin schedule, one month after data taking of (2S) x~6.51 Without screen monitor

  9. BEPCII reached design goals on schedule within the budget • Linac: positron injection rate improved by > factor of 15 • BESIII performance reached the design goals. • Synchrotron radiation running hard X-ray flux increased by a factor of 10 • luminosity of storage ring reached 3.2 ×1032cm-2s-1 May 2009. a factor of 32 improvement • BEPCII passed the assessment of the funding agency July 17, 2009. • By summber 2009, 120M Ψ΄events and 200M J/ Ψ collected/

  10. Main parameters achieved in collision mode

  11. Preliminary physics results • Confirm BESII results • threshold enhancement gppbar, gwf, X(1835), … • Improved measurements • hc, hc, ccJ, , … • New observations • ccJ decays • hc decays • Light hadrons, … • 4 papers submitted See the talk by Yifang Wang

  12. Performance improvement • With help from SLAC, longitudinal feedback installed, 20-30% gain in luminosity expected. • Better control of backgrounds at high beam current: more masks installed. • Energy calibration system installed. • Feedback loop developed to maintain stable collision Goal: Stable operation and data taking with peak luminosity 3-41032cm-2s-1 at (2S) , finally 1033cm-2s-1 Data taking of  “ with Lumi > 31032cm-2s-1 since middle of March, 400/pb data taken. 5) Longitudinal polarization of electron beam?

  13. Luni. With BESIII data taking + parasitic SR of wiggler

  14. Daya Bay Experiment layout Ling-Ao near：Hall #2 2 detector module 40t target mass 500m to Ling-Ao core Overburden: 112m • Identical detector at near and far site to perform relative measurement in order to cancel reactor related systematic error • 3000m tunnel • Sensitivity of 0.01 of Sin22θ13 with3 years of data • Signal rate： ~1200/day Near ~350/day Far • Backgrounds： B/S ~0.4% Near B/S ~0.2% Far far: Hall #3 4 detector module 80t target mass 1600m to Ling-Ao core 1900m to Daya Bay core Overburden：350m 0% slope 0% slope 0% slope Construction tunnel Tunnel entrance Daya Bay near：Hall 1# 2 detector module 40t target 360m to Daya Bay core Overburden: 98m 8% slope

  15. Daya Bay civil Engineering • Hall 3（far site） • Only ~ 200 tunnel + hall to be done • Hall 2 (near site ） • Tunnel finished • Hall : 2/3 done • 4号厅（pure water) ready • 5号厅（LS hall）ready • Hall 1号（DYB near site） • Installation near finished

  16. SAB Tunnel Hall 5 EH 1

  17. SSV under fabrication, tests include full load, negative pressure, laser survey, etc. First large equipment arrived at SAB Fabricated AD stand, full load test and inspection completed Test assembly in SAB

  18. LHC Experiments 1. CMS : upgrade work? • 1/3 of CSC at muon end caps (IHEP) • RPC of barrel muon (Beijing Univ.) • Physics and MC • Remote Operation Center established in IHEP • Upgrade: CSC, Trigger? 2. Atlas: upgrade work? • Drift Monitor chambers (IHEP) • TGC (Shandong Univ.) • Physics and MC • Upgrade: Silicon detector

  19. LHC Experiments • LCG: Tier 2 for CMS and Atlas • 1200 CPU • Running with high efficiency • LHCb: Tsinghua Univ. 5. Alice: Huazong Normal Univ., CIAE,

  20. ILC R&D Activities • SC cavities (also for next generation light source • Dumping ring design • Positron source • detector R&D (IHEP and Tsinghua Univ.…) other R&D: • works for EXFEL also very useful for ILC R&D • Manufacture of BEPCII spare cavity (500 MHz)

  21. ILC cavity made by Chinese single crystal (collaborating with KEK Saito group) 47.9 MV/m（after EP)

  22. Chemical Polishing Facility ( installed at IHEP)

  23. SCRF Test Facility 1.3 GHz SCRF Accelerating Unit and Horizontal Test Stand for ILC, ERL and XFEL is proposaed

  24. Yangbajing Cosmic Ray Observatory（Tibet a.s.l. 4300m） IHEP-INFN Argo RPC China-Japan Air Shower Array

  25. ARGOresults:MRK421 only seen by ARGO at TeV 25

  26. Multiple discipline research • Large Facilities: • BSRF • CSNS • High current slow positron source • Beijing Advance Light Source (under discussion) • Research fields: • Biology effects of nano-materials • Nuclear image and application • Protein structure and function • Environment studies with nuclear methods • Nano-material science • ……

  27. Lithography 6 wigglers and 14beam lines. > 400 exp./year from > 100 institutions VUV Middle energy LIGA Macromolecular 3B1A 3B3 3W1A Soft X-ray Optics 3W1B 3B1B High-pressure diffraction 3W1 3B3 X-ray Diffraction Small angle scattering BEPC 3B1 4B9A Photoemission SpectroscPopy 250mA@2.5GeV 4B9B 4w2 4W1A 1w1 Topography 4B9 4W1B 4w1 1W1A 1W1B XAFS X-ray fluorescence analysis Diffuse Scattering Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility

  28. Twice Dedicated SR running at 2009 • > 425 experiments done • User demands for most of beamlines are still increasing • More parasitic running: wigglers + bind magnets • Remote control by users

  29. AMP激活蛋白激酶在不同功能状态的结构 Nature （ 459，1146-1150，2009） 清华大学课题组: 解出了系列AMP激活蛋白激酶在不同功能状态的结构，在结构的基础上详细揭示了这种蛋白激酶的工作原理，特别是自抑制的过程.

  30. Chinese Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) Facility layout

  31. Status of CSNS • Proposal approved. • Feasibility study report approved. • Preliminary designs are ready, reviews are underway. • The land was bought. The construction will be started Aug. 2010. Construction and commissioning: 6.5 year . • IHEP is in charge of the project with cooperation with Inst. of Physics. CSNS will be a branch of IHEP • Budget: 1.4B RMB + the fund (0.5B) & the free land + infrastructure from the local governments • Major project for machine team and detector team after BEPCII/BESIII • Design and R&D are going smoothly. many prototypes are under test.

  32. CSNS Campus

  33. Chinese Particle Physics projects in medium and long term plan • Charm physics @ BEPCII: next 8 years or more • Intl. collaborations: LHC exp., ILC… • Particle Astrophysics exp. at Space • Modulated hard X-ray telescope satellite • SVOM • Polar @ Chinese Spacelab.: polarization of  burst • Cosmic ray measurement • Yangbajing Cosmic ray Observatory: extension • Neutrino experiments: • Daya Bay Reactor neutrino exp.: • Very LBL oscillation: J-Prac→Beijing (under discussion) • Deep underground Lab.: dark matter search • South pole Dome A: 4m telescope (under discussion)

  34. Chinese Particle Physics Medium and Long Term Plan (cont.) • High power proton Accelerator: • Chinese Spallation Neutron Source • Accelerator Driven Subcritical system • Beijng Advance Light SourceERL + XFEL IHEP extents research fields, to protein structure, nano-science, material science… → Multiple discipline research center

  35. Future Plan of Yangbajing: Largest high mountain CR measurement complex • Expand the size of the detector by order of magnitude, improve /P indetifiction •  astronomy: precision measurement of spectrum of Galaxy, CMB cut-off • precision measurement of spectrum of CR components of knee. • monitor time-changing  source in north • CR spectrum of 0.1PeV- 1EeV, second knee

  36. Tentative design of the complex detector array Two major components • 1km2 complex array forγrays & CRs >30TeV • 1 km2scintillation detector array • 40k m2μdetector array • 28 C-telescopes • 1k m2 burst detector (or hadronic calorimeter) • 90k m2 water Cerenkov detector for γ>100GeV

  37. Future plan of Yangbajing : complex of CR+γdetectors • WC: 9x104m2 • μ : 100x400m2 • e : 2400x1m2 • CT: 28 • BD: 400x0.2m2 • AS+μ:(Japan) • ARGO: 104m2(Italy) 400 BD s=3.75m 80 m2 BD

  38. Sensitivities for 100TeV γsky E-resolution 60% Without reconstruction

  39. China Deep Underground Lab. (CDUL) at Jingpin mountain Yalong River and Jingpin Hydropower station Yalong river locates the west of Sichuan, with length of 1571km and drop height of 4420m. 21 Hydropower stations are planned, with total electricity of 30GW.

  40. Big U-turn at Jingpin mountain

  41. High Mountain and Canyon

  42. F28 F6 F5 F27 Geological structure of Jingpin mountain • The peak of the mountain：4193m • Maximum rock overburden of tunnels ~2525m • Rock cover larger than 1500m >70% • Challenges for tunnel construction • High geostress: 11.11～ 46.41MPa., Max:70MPa • Rock burst: mainly right after excavation • Rich underground water: 5~7m3/s, pressure 10MPa

  43. Tunnels at Jingpin Mountain • Four water tunnels: length of 16.67km • two of diameter of 12.4 m: TBM • two of diameter of 13m: drilling and blasting, • Two traffic tunnels: 5.5×5.7m、6×6.25m, length of 17.5km • One drain tunnel with diameter of 7.2m, length of 17.5km (only used during construction, and could be used for super big volume experiment!) • maximum overburden 2525m • The radioactivity of the rocks is very low.

  44. Both traffic tunnels were run-through Aug. 2008, to be opened by end of this year • 建设选址

  45. Deep Underground Lab. at Jingpin Mountain • The tunnel group at Jingpin mountain provides an unique opportunity to build a world class deep underground lab for multiple science research. • Deepest in the world • Horizontal Tunnel access • Convenient transportation, good infrastructure • The best site for the national deep underground science and engineering lab. . Chinese funding agencies could support it. • The lab. should be international, and opened to World. • Two small experimental halls near the traffic tunnel B under construction.

  46. Working on Proposal of CDUL • CDUL belongs the catalog of “large fundamental science research facility” in the Chinese funding system. • The key agency for the national lab. is the state commission of development and reform. The funding procedure for CDUL will be rather long. Many discussions about the possible experiments for the deep underground lab. at Jingpin. • China Dark matter EXperiment (CDEX) by Tsinghua Univ. • XENONIT by Shanghai Jiaotong Univ..

  47. Activities in IHEP • Major part of the detector team is working for Daya Bay. Good experience for low background experiments. • Establishing a low background Lab. for the future program of Daya Bay and deep underground experiments. • R&D on noble liquid detectors Xe and Ar, and look for new experimental technique. • Working on proposal of dark matter search experiment at Jingpin deep underground lab. and look for collaboration.

  48. Accelerator driven sub-critical system • # of Nuclear power station is increasing dramatically in China. • Nuclear waste soon become very serious problem. • For the long term of nuclear energy: • Uranium resource limited? • Fast reactor: not good to transmute waste. • Fusion? Long way to go • Chinese Academy of Sciences is interested in ADS: • First stage: nuclear waste transmutation • Long term: clean nuclear energy? Thorium ? • R&D since 8 years in IHEP and Chinese Inst. of atomic energy. • CAS is planning major R&D effort. • Cooperation in High power proton accelerator? and whole project?

  49. Beijing Advanced Photon Complex • Beijing Advance Light Source • Strong demands from users • Preparing to submit the proposal • Start the Concept Design Report • X-ray Free Electron Laser • A soft X-ray Test Facility in SSRF • EXFEL collaboration • X-ray Energy Recovery LINAC • Preparing a proposal for the test facility at IHEP.

  50. BeijingAdvanced Photon Complex Phase I: Low emittance Synchrotron Radiation source BAPS， 5GeV, 100-200mA, 1nm.rad, 2013-2018 Phase II: X-ray FEL (BXFEL)0.15 nm, 6~8 GeV, 2017-2022 Phase III: X-ray Energy Recovery LINAC source, BXERL, 2022- Main Ring E=5GeV-3GeV C=1200m-800m ε~1nm 550m ERL recirculation arc =Booster 250MeV LINAC Booster C~300m Return transport test XFEL(6~8GeV) Gun1 BC1 Gun2 BC2 5GeV LINAC 700m 650m

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