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Understanding Biomechanics: Key Concepts and Applications

Explore the fundamental definitions, principles, and applications of kinesiology and biomechanics, including kinematics, kinetics, structural analysis, material characteristics, and anatomical terms. Delve into solving biomechanical problems and analyzing stress-strain curves. Discover the significance of studying biomechanics for sports performance, ergonomics, injury prevention, and rehabilitation improvement. Learn about qualitative versus quantitative analysis and material types like elastic and viscoelastic. Gain insights into directional and movement terms, along with reference systems, planes, and axes essential for biomechanical analysis and understanding human movement.

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Understanding Biomechanics: Key Concepts and Applications

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Introduction to Kinesiology & Biomechanics

  2. Definitions • Kinesiology • Biomechanics

  3. Definitions • Kinematics • Kinetics

  4. Definitions • Static Analysis • Dynamics Analysis

  5. Definitions • Anthropometrics

  6. Why study biomechanics? • Biomechanist vs Applied Biomechanist • Sports Performance • Ergonomics • Injury Prevention • Improved Rehabilitation

  7. Ways to Solve Biomechanical Problems • Qualitative vs Quantitative • Scalar vs Vector Quantities

  8. Basic Structural Analysis • Stress-Strain Curve • Stress • Strain • Key Points on Curve • Elastic Modulus • Yield Point • Plastic Region • Elastic Region • Residual Strain • Failure • Safety Factor • Mechanical Energy

  9. Basic Structural Analysis • Stress-Strain Curve • Stress • Strain • Key Points on Curve • Elastic Modulus • Yield Point • Plastic Region • Elastic Region • Residual Strain • Failure • Safety Factor • Mechanical Energy

  10. Basic Structural Analysis • Stress-Strain Curve • Stress • Strain • Key Points on Curve • Elastic Modulus • Yield Point • Plastic Region • Elastic Region • Residual Strain • Failure • Safety Factor • Mechanical Energy • = ½ stress * strain • Area under the curve

  11. Types of Materials • Elastic • Linear relationship between stress & strain

  12. Types of Materials • Viscoelastic • Nearly all biologic tissues • Manifestations of Viscoelastic Properties • Rate of Loading • Hysteresis • Creep

  13. Types of Materials • Viscoelastic • Nearly all biologic tissues • Manifestations of Viscoelastic Properties • Rate of Loading • Hysteresis • Creep

  14. Types of Materials • Viscoelastic • Nearly all biologic tissues • Manifestations of Viscoelastic Properties • Rate of Loading • Hysteresis • Creep

  15. Types of Materials • Viscoelastic • Nearly all biologic tissues • Manifestations of Viscoelastic Properties • Rate of Loading • Hysteresis • Creep

  16. Material Characteristics • Stiff • Compliant • Brittle

  17. Directional Terms Superior/Inferior Proximal/Distal Anterior/Posterior Medial/Lateral Superficial/Deep Movement Terms Flexion/Extension Abduction/Adduction Horizontal Abduction/Hor. Adduction Internal Rotation/External Rotation Radial Deviation/Ulnar Deviation Supination/Pronation Inversion/Eversion Review Anatomical Terms

  18. Reference Systems

  19. Reference Systems • Why? • Absolute vs Relative • Absolute Reference Frame • Segments intersect in joint center & movement of segment is described with respect to that joint

  20. Reference Systems • Why? • Absolute vs Relative • Absolute Reference Frame • Relative Reference Frame • Movement of segment described relative to adjacent segment

  21. Reference Systems • Spatial Reference Frame • Movement of body relative to ground • Occurs in xyz directions x Up (+) Forward (+) z Down (-) Backward (-) y Left (+) Right (-)

  22. Reference Systems • Cartesian Coordinate System • Fixed reference point • x,y and z coordinates

  23. Anatomical Planes & Axes • Plane of Motion • 2 dimensional flat surface • Axis • point about which movement occurs • perpendicular to the plane of movement • Whole Body Planes and Axes • Segmental Planes and Axes

  24. Anatomical Planes

  25. Planes of movement • Sagittal • left/right halves • Perpendicular Axis - Frontal or Mediolateral

  26. Planes & Axes • Frontal Plane • Anterior/posterior halves • Axis - Anteroposterior or Sagittal

  27. Planes & Axes • Transverse Plane • Upper/lower halves • Axis - Longitudinal

  28. Other Planes and axes • Diagonal or Oblique • plane of movement • perpendicular to the plane • how to find

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