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Contiguity and Contingency Theories in Learning Experiments

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Exploring the impact of pairings on learning through Contiguity and Contingency theories in psychology experiments. Learn about predictive probabilities and implications for control groups.

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Contiguity and Contingency Theories in Learning Experiments

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  1. CS CS CS CS CS CS US US US US US Disrupts Learning Problem for Contiguity Theory: Why? Both groups have same number of PAIRINGS

  2. Probability of a US given that a CS has occurred Contiguity: the more pairings, the more learning Contingency: How PREDICTIVE is the CS? TWO Probabilities are important: 1. How likely is it that the US will occur when the CS is presented? P(US/CS) e.g., 4 out of 10 CS presentations followed by a US P(US/CS) = 0.4

  3. Contiguity: the more pairing, the more learning Contingency: How PREDICTIVE is the CS? TWO Probabilities are important: 1. How likely is it that the US will occur when the CS is presented? P(US/CS) 2. How likely is it that the US will occur when CS is NOT presented ? P(US/noCS)

  4. Rescorla P(US/CS) = ? 0.4 (for all groups) CS CS CS CS CS US US US US For different groups: P(US/noCS) = 0 0.1 0.2 0.4

  5. P(US/CS) = 0.4 for all groups

  6. 1.0 0 0 1.0 Contingency Space P(US/CS) > P(US/noCS) Excitatory conditioning P(US/CS) = P(US/noCS) Random P(US/CS) P(US/CS) < P(US/noCS) Conditioned Inhibition P(US/noCS)

  7. Discrimination Training (Conditioned Inhibition) A-US B- A 1.0 A? P(US/CS) = 1 A? P(US/CS) = ? P(US/noCS) = ? P(US/noCS) = 0 P(US/CS) B? P(US/CS) = ? B? P(US/CS) = 0 0 B P(US/noCS) = ? P(US/noCS) > 0 0 P(US/noCS) 1.0

  8. It doesn’t need to be “perfect” discrimination training: 1.0 P(US/CS) > P(US/noCS) Excitatory conditioning P(US/CS) = P(US/noCS) Random P(US/CS) P(US/CS) < P(US/noCS) Conditioned Inhibition 0 0 1.0 P(US/noCS)

  9. Implications for Control groups: 1.0 Interaction Effect? CS-US unpaired P(US/CS) = P(US/noCS) Random Where would UNPAIRED lie in Contingency Space? P(US/CS) So….Unpaired is poor control group Conditioned Inhibition 0 P(US/noCS) 0 1.0 Better Control for interaction effect? Random: Neither Excitatory nor Inhibitory Conditioning (i.e., no learning?)

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