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Anthropometric Data Collection for Firefighter Gear Design

This project, funded by NIOSH and supported by IAFF, IAFC, NFFF, NFPA, and FAMA, conducted a comprehensive anthropometric survey of firefighters across different locations using traditional and 3D scanning methods. Measurements collected include body dimensions both with and without gear, aiding in fire apparatus design and NFPA standards. The data from Phase I and Phase II studies can inform manufacturers in developing ergonomic gear and cab space configurations.

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Anthropometric Data Collection for Firefighter Gear Design

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  1. Collection of Anthropometric Information on Firefighters for Fire Apparatus Design and Standards UpdateFunded by:  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)Supported by:  IAFF, IAFC, NFFF, NFPA, and FAMAConducted by: Total Contact Inc.

  2. NIOSH Firefighter Study: Phase I - First large scale anthropometric survey of firefighters - Sampling strategy included gender, age, and ethnicity - Measured 951 firefighters with and without gear - Four different geographic locations (MD, AZ, PA, TX) - Combined traditional and 3D anthropometric methods - traditional measurements - 3D head scanner - 3D foot scanner - FaroArm digitization of standing and seated - 2D scan of hand

  3. Traditional Measurements

  4. FARO Arm Measurements

  5. Scanning Methods Used to Measure Hands, Feet, and Head

  6. Measurements Collected in Phase 1Without Gear • Height • Weight • Cervicale Height • Axilla Height • Waist Height • Crotch Height • Knee Height • Ankle Height • Chest Width • Chest Depth • Chest Circumference • Under bust Circumference • Waist Circumference • Hip Circumference • Thigh Circumference • Calf Circumference • Acromion- Wrist Length • Acromion Grip Length • Grip Strength Without Glove • Vertical Trunk Circumference • Functional Arm Span • Head Circumference • Bitragion Arc Length • Head Arc Length • Neck Circumference • Acromion Breadth • Max. Torso Breadth • Hip Breadth • Seated Height • Seated Nuchale Height • Seated Acromion Height • Seated Elbow Height • Elbow – Finger Length • Knee Height • Popliteal Height • Butt- Knee length • Foot Length • Foot Width

  7. Measurements Collected in Phase 1In Gear • Chest Width • Waist Width • Chest Depth • Waist Depth • Over Head Reach • Eye Height • Thigh Clearance • Shoulder – Elbow Length • Elbow Wrist Length • Shoulder Grip Length • Grip Strength With Glove • Foot Length • Foot Width • Weight • Butt- Shoe tip Length • Abdominal Depth • Abdominal Breadth • Hip Breadth • Bi Deltoid Breadth • Bi Troch Curve Length • Acromion- Troch Curve Length

  8. NIOSH Firefighter Study:Phase II • Measured 207 firefighters with and without gear • The subjects that participated in phase II were chosen by a Principal Component Analyses of the phase I data - Combined traditional and 3D anthropometric methods - traditional measurements - 3D Whole Body Scanning - 3D Hand Scanning - Cab Space FaroArm digitization - The data from this study can be used to develop design tools for manufacturers and propose measures for NFPA standards committee

  9. Measurements Collected in Phase II Without Gear • Weight • Bicep Circumference (extended) • Bicep Circumference (flexed) • Forearm Circumference • Wrist Circumference • Axilla- Acromion Circumference • Chest Circumference Over Arms • Waist Circumference (Omphalion level) • Wasit Circumference Max. Protrusion • Hip Circumference Seated • Waist Breadth • Seated Knee Height w/o Boot • Step Height (knee and 90 degrees) • Step Height (highest comfortable) • Step Height (highest possible) • Reach Heights • Right Troch. to Left Troch. • Right Acromion to Left Troch. • Seated Knee Height in boot • Sleeve Length • Ankle Circumference • Bi-Deltoid Breadth • Waist Depth

  10. Whole Body Scan Positions

  11. Bounding Box Data

  12. FARO Cab Space Data Driver Cab Space • Each subject had their body position, steering wheel position, and seat position tracked at four different steering column positions. Control Reach Data • Each subject had their reach envelope tracked for control positioning. Seat Belt Reach Data • Each subject had their right arm position tracked during four different seat belt reaches. (with and without gear)

  13. bregma At each steering column position, digitize the following: bregma sellion tragion acromion Olecranon Ulnar styloid trochanterion thigh pt knee pt shin pt heel pt toe pt sellion tragion acromion Ulnar styloid olecranon thigh pt trochanterion knee pt shin pt toe pt heel pt • Set steering column at position 1. • 1. Allow subject to move seat to find the most accommodating position. • Allow subject to tilt steering column fore/aft to find the most accommodating steering • wheel position. • Allow subject to rotate steering wheel into position with hands at “10 & 2”. • Set steering column to position 2. Repeat steps 1 – 3. • Set steering column to position 3. Repeat steps 1 – 3. • Set steering column to position 4. Repeat steps 1 - 3.

  14. Cab Space Reach Measurements

  15. Faro Driver Position Data

  16. Driver Position Comparison

  17. Faro Reach Data

  18. Seatbelt Reach 1 • On this measurement the subject was asked to keep their shoulder blades against the seat. The subject then reached (with his/her right arm) across their left shoulder toward a fixed target. • The measurer tracked the position of the right acromion, olecranon, and ulnar styloid using the faro arm digitizer to measure the subjects maximum reach in this position.

  19. Seatbelt Reach 2 • On this measurement the subject was asked to keep their shoulder blades against the seat. The subject then reached (with his/her right arm) across their body toward a fixed target near left trochanter. • The measurer tracked the position of the right acromion, olecranon, and radial styloid using the faro arm digitizer to measure the subjects maximum reach in this position.

  20. Seatbelt Reach 3 • On this measurement the subject was allowed to turn their body. The subject then reached (with his/her right arm) across their left shoulder toward a fixed target. • The measurer tracked the position of the right acromion, olecranon, and radial styloid using the faro arm digitizer to measure the subjects maximum reach in this position.

  21. Seatbelt Reach 4 • On this measurement the subject was allowed to turn their body in the seat. The subject then reached (with his/her right arm) across their body toward a fixed target near left trochanter. • The measurer tracked the position of the right acromion, olecranon, and radial styloid using the faro arm digitizer to measure the subjects maximum reach in this position.

  22. Firefighter Anthropometry • Pilot Study (n=122) • 85 men • 37 women • Includes traditional anthropometry and whole body scans • Available now for $500 donation to NFFF • NIOSH survey (n=951) • 863 men • 88 women • Includes traditional measurements, 3D scans, and driver cab space measurements • Preview available when partnered with NIOSH

  23. Firefighter Anthropometry

  24. Contact Us For More Information Total Contact Inc. 41 N. Main St. Germantown, OH. 45327 Phone: 937-855-6107 Fax: 937-855-6903 bob@totalcontact.com jen@totalcontact.com

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