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The Origins of Domestication and Settled Life

The Origins of Domestication and Settled Life. Transition : Upper Paleolithic to Mesolithic. Upper Paleolithic 40,000 - 10,000 ya lifestyles migrations megafauna retreat of glaciers. Transition (cont.). Mesolithic - “Middle Stone Age” broad-spectrum food collecting 14,000-10,000 ya

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The Origins of Domestication and Settled Life

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  1. The Origins of Domestication and Settled Life

  2. Transition : Upper Paleolithic to Mesolithic • Upper Paleolithic • 40,000 - 10,000 ya • lifestyles • migrations • megafauna • retreat of glaciers

  3. Transition (cont.) • Mesolithic - “Middle Stone Age” • broad-spectrum food collecting • 14,000-10,000 ya • specialized • sedentarism • technology • microliths

  4. Transition (cont.) • Reasons for Broad-Spectrum Development • climate • overkill hypothesis • population growth • Sedentarism & Population Growth • ethnographic evidence

  5. Domestication of Plants & Animals • Impetus for Domestication • population growth • sedentarism • drawbacks of broad-spectrum

  6. Domestication (cont.) • Neolithic - “New Stone Age” • associated with domestication • cultivation • Evidence of Domestication • plant remains • rachis (or axis) • animal remains

  7. Theories of Domestication • The Oasis Theory - Childe - 1950’s • Readiness Hypothesis - Braidwood • Population Pressure • Boserup / Binford • Marginal Area - Flannery • Blended Theory

  8. Domestication in Different Regions • Domestication in the Near East • Fertile Crescent • wheat & barley • types of animals domesticated • Domestication elsewhere in the Old World • China / Southeast Asia / Africa

  9. Domestication Regionally (cont.) • Domestication in the New World • independent evolution • early domesticated plants • maize (corn) • South American crops • North American crops • animal domestication

  10. Consequences of the Rise of Food Production • Accelerated Population Growth • birth spacing decreased • Declining Overall Health • evidence : teeth & bones • fewer dietary staples • rise of stratification

  11. Consequences (cont.) • Elaboration of Material Possessions • houses • furnishings • woven textiles • trade

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