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Explore the components of an argument, from positions and reasons to counterarguments and effective support, in this guide to persuasive writing. Learn how to craft compelling essays that sway opinions and engage readers effectively.
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WHAT IS ARGUMENT? “Not an inch to the west! Not an inch to the east! I’ll stay here, not budging! I can and I will. If it makes you and me and the whole world stand still!” --from Dr. Suess’ “The Zax"
Why write an argument? • Suggest a certain view on a topic • Propose a solution to a problem • Offer a plan of action that should be followed. A writer’s goal when arguing is always to persuade the audience to see his/her point of view on a topic.
Parts of An Argument Position/ Claim Reason(s) Explanation Supporting details
Parts of an Argument (In Essay Structure) (Thesis) (Analysis) (Body Paragraphs) Position/Claim Reasons Supporting Details Explanation (Specific examples, quotes)
Counterargument & Refutation • Writer often address a major concern from the opposing side. • Why do we do this? Introduce the opposing concerns Explain why it’s wrong, weak or limited This point is invalid because… That may be true, but….
Counter-Arguments In Real Life! • Argument: I should be allowed to go the movies. • Counterargument: I know that you think its too late because I have school tomorrow. • Refute: But I’ve already done all my homework and tomorrow is a late day.
Ways to Deal with C-ARGs Argument: “I should go to college…” Counter-argument: “It is expensive…” • Refute it: • “Going to a community college actually can save a lot of money.” • Strategically concede: • “True, but it is an investment. College grads have access to better jobs later on.” • Show that it’s irrelevant: • “I can get grants, FASA and scholarships.”
Parts of An Argument Position/ Claim Reason(s) Explanation Supporting details
Types of Support • Vivid descriptions • Analogy (Comparison) • Outside sources • Facts, statistics, research findings • Expert opinion • Causes & Effects • Examples • Personal examples • Specific examples • General examples • Hypothetical examples • Anecdote (Narrative) What types of support are being used in each essay? Which instances of support do you think are the most effective? Why?
Purpose • Suggest a certain view on a topic • Propose a solution to a problem • Offer a plan of action that should be followed. The purpose will influence the content and style a writer will use in their persuasive essay.
Audience The audience will also influence the content and style a writer will use. • Content • reasons, counter-arguments, supporting details/ evidence. • Style • word choice, tone, formal/ informal elements, relationship to reader (POV)