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BEHAVIORISM

Studying BEHAVIOR that can be OBSERVED (not internal thinking). BEHAVIOR is the result of STIMULUS - RESPONSE. BEHAVIOR is determined by The ENVIRONMENT: CONDITIONING. BEHAVIORISM. COMPARING OPERANT CONDITIONING AND CLASSICAL CONDITIONING. STRENGTHEN Positive

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BEHAVIORISM

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  1. Studying BEHAVIOR that can be OBSERVED (not internal thinking) BEHAVIOR is the result of STIMULUS - RESPONSE BEHAVIOR is determined by The ENVIRONMENT: CONDITIONING BEHAVIORISM COMPARING OPERANT CONDITIONING AND CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

  2. STRENGTHEN Positive a behavior = Reinforcer = Negative Reinforcer WEAKEN = Punishment a behavior Extinction Time-out ‪www.intropsych.com  B.F. SKINNER OPERANT CONDITIONING

  3. Positive Reinforcers = Praise, tokens Rewards ADDED positive stimulus Negative Reinforcers = Removal Ignore TAKE AWAY the aversive stimulus ‪www.intropsych.com  B.F. SKINNER OPERANT CONDITIONING

  4. SHAPING behavior by applying REINFORCEMENTS or PUNISHMENTS AFTER a behavior. B.F. SKINNER OPERANT CONDITIONING focuses on VOLUNTARY BEHAVIORS

  5. ‪www.wikipaintings.org  ‪clockworkorangepsychprinciples.blogspot.com PAVLOV CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

  6. Placing a neutral SIGNAL or STIMULUS BEFORE a reflex. PAVLOV CLASSICAL CONDITIONING focuses on INVOLUNTARY (automatic reflex) BEHAVIORS

  7. Classical Conditioning - Pavlov • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhqumfpxuzI ‪quigleyscabinet.blogspot.com

  8. Classical Conditioning : • Animals and people can be “trained” to perform a certain way, and will have an automatic response that is triggered by a signal or stimulus. • The stimulus may be a sound, a picture, a smell, or a previous experience that causes people to associate the signal with an automatic behavior. • CLASSICAL CONDITIONING EXPERIMENTat BGSU, (towards the bottom of the page)

  9. Classical Conditioning examples : • What is your automatic reflex when you hear or encounter these signals? • How have you been ‘classically conditioned’ to respond so automatically and INVOLUNTARILY?

  10. Classical Conditioning examples :

  11. Classical Conditioning examples :

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  16. Classical Conditioning examples :

  17. Classical Conditioning factors: • They are INVOLUNTARY (automatic-reflex responses) • •These happen to PASSIVE participants • •The signals happen BEFORE the behavior • •There are not any rewards for a behavioral response • •The signal is associated with an automatic response

  18. Operant Conditioning vs. Classical Conditioning • VOLUNTARY action •INVOLUNTARY (automatic) • ACTIVE participant-learner •PASSIVE participant • Happens AFTER the behavior •Happens BEFORE the behavior • Involves Rewards or Punishment •Does NOT include enticements • Behavior shaped by consequences •Associates signal with response

  19. SHAPING behavior by applying REINFORCEMENTS or PUNISHMENTS AFTER a behavior. B.F. SKINNER OPERANT CONDITIONING focuses on VOLUNTARY BEHAVIORS

  20. Operant Conditioning : • People’s behavior can be SHAPED by using reinforcements or punishments immediately AFTER their behavior. • The participant is ACTIVE, and it is a VOLUNTARY action of behavioral modification. • Video clip from "Big Bang Theory" on operant conditioning(2nd YouTube link on the page)

  21. Operant Conditioning experiment : • “TRAIN THE RAT” • People’s behavior can be SHAPED by using reinforcements or punishments immediately AFTER their behavior. • ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS needed for the rat experiment: 1 RAT Many POSITIVE REINFORCERS A few NEGATIVE REINFORCERS 2 PUNISHERS

  22. Positive Reinforcers = Praise, tokens Rewards ADDED positive stimulus Negative Reinforcers = Removal Ignore TAKE AWAY the aversive stimulus •SAY “GOOD!” as the rat gets closer to the desired behavior. •CLAP your hands as the rat gets closer to the desired behavior •Give a reward as the rat does well •TAKE AWAY anything the rat is using that is not helping complete the desired behavior •Ignore (EXTINCTION) when behavior is not going as planned. ‪www.intropsych.com  B.F. SKINNER OPERANT CONDITIONING

  23. STRENGTHEN Positive a behavior = Reinforcer = Negative Reinforcer WEAKEN = Punishment a behavior Extinction Time-out •FLY SWATTER / RULER – slap it when the rat is off task or far from the desired behavior (Do not hit the rat). •VERBAL – Yell “GO AWAY!” or “STOP THAT!” when the rat is straying from desired behavior ‪www.intropsych.com  B.F. SKINNER OPERANT CONDITIONING

  24. Operant Conditioning experiment : • “TRAIN THE RAT” • How successful was this Operant Conditioning experiment? • Which factors helped the rat reach the desired behavior ? Which were least helpful? WHY? • ASK THE RAT: Which factors did the rat think were most helpful in modifying its behavior? • (If there is time, try the experiment again with a new task. Time the Rat #2 to see if they can be successful more quickly).

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