1 / 32
Télécharger la présentation

Importance of Agricultural Research in Developing Countries: Key Institutions and Systems

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Who does researchin Developing Countries ? AGED 4713Spring 2003

  2. Why is Agricultural research important? • Help to improve development • economic growth • poverty alleviation • rural development • improve management of natural resources • Ag research is central for boosting productivity • Better agriculture help to release labor for industrial employment M. Corro

  3. Who does Agricultural Research in Developing Countries • Federal Government: • Ministry of Agriculture • Agricultural Universities • Private Sector: • Non-governmental Organizations • All known as National Agricultural Research System (NARS) M. Corro

  4. What is NARS? • World Bank defined National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) as any national organization or institution which undertake agricultural research in developing countries M. Corro

  5. Responsibility of NARS: • To conduct strategic, applied and adaptive research and on-farm trials to verify the effectiveness of new technology. • To provide interactive link among extension services, the private sector, educational institutions, and government ministries. M. Corro

  6. Relationship between IARC and NARS • IARC’s strengthening national agricultural research in developing countries • Enhancing working relationships with colleagues in national programs • Strengthening skills in research administration and management, and formal training programs for research staff. M. Corro

  7. Advantages of NARS • Direct institutional /client linkages • Close proximity to farmer’s problems • Ability to collect field-level data relatively inexpensively • On-site staff and facilities • Effective conduit for communicating development strategy and policies to policy makers M. Corro

  8. Types of NARS • Publicly supported (centralized) • Collaborative federal/state agricultural research systems (decentralized ) • Endowed research institutes • Agricultural Universities • Private sector research institutes • Non-governmental Organizations • Multinational, regional research institutes M. Corro

  9. Publicly supported (centralized) • Systems that are dependencies of , controlled by, and receive their financial support from the Ministry of Agriculture or other ministry in the federal government. • Examples: • Brazil: Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria (Embrapa) • Kenya: Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) • Pakistan: Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC) M. Corro

  10. EMBRAPA: Brazilian Agricultural Research Institute • Embrapa's mission is to provide feasible solutions for the sustainable development of the Brazilian agribusiness by generating, adapting and transferring knowledge and technology that benefits the Brazilian Society. http://www.embrapa.br/english/ M. Corro

  11. Agricultural, Livestock , Rural Development, Fishing and Food Secretariat www.sagarpa.gob.mx

  12. Collaborative federal/state agricultural research systems (decentralized ) • Systems that channel federal, state, private sector, and producers (commodity associations) funding to semi-autonomous state level research and extension programs. • Programs are commodity linked with disciplinary, cross commodity programs • Research/extension linkage: close, assembling and adapting technology to producers’ needs. • Example: • Mexico: INIFAP M. Corro

  13. Institutions supported by SAGARPA www.sagarpa.gob.mx Research Semi-autonomous Teaching Extension M. Corro

  14. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias • The National Institute of Forestry, Livestock and Agricultural Research www.inifap.conacyt.mx M. Corro

  15. Collaborative federal/state agricultural research systems (decentralized ) • Funded by • Federal • State • Producers in every state have a foundation (Fundacion Produce) M. Corro

  16. Objectives • To develop and strengthen National Strategic Research • To promote applied research and technology transfer • To support research for sustainable natural resources management M. Corro

  17. Researchers by Academic Degree 2002 Academic degreeNumber % Bachelor 229 19 Master 696 59 Doctorate 260 22 Total 1185 * 100 *6.3% are in Graduate College M. Corro

  18. Distribution of researchers by area 2002 AreaNumber% Forestry 140 12 Crops 760 64 Livestock 285 24 Total 1185 100 M. Corro

  19. 8Regional Research Centers(CIR)81Research Stations 6 National Centers M. Corro

  20. Research Programs are commodity linked with disciplinary programs • 108 Crops • Avocado • Beans • Barley • Cacao • Corn • Citrus • Chile • Coffee • Cotton • Mango • Rice • Soybean • Wheat • Disciplinary areas • Biotechnology • Entomology • Integrated resources Management • Plant genetics • Irrigation systems • Rain fed land management • Mechanization • Biofertilization • Corn Protein gene(opaco) M. Corro

  21. Research Programs are commodity linked with disciplinary programs • Livestock • Dairy Cattle • Dual Purpose • Sheep • Goat • Red deer • Pig • Poultry • Honey Bee • Disciplinary programs • Animal health • Epidemiology • Parasitology • Microbiology • Nutrition • Reproduction • Genetics • Biothecnology M. Corro

  22. INIFAPTechnology Transfer Program to Livestock producers • GGAVATT: M. Corro

  23. Agricultural universities • Institutions of higher learning that provide undergraduate and graduate education and grant related degrees, conduct research, and distribute information to agricultural sector clientele. M. Corro

  24. Agricultural universities • Autonomous, some semi-autonomous • Structure: Centralized • Funding sources: Public-federal and state • Nature of programs: education; some research and extension • Limited research • Limited extension linkages • Linkage with international/multinational programs M. Corro

  25. Summary • Importance of Agricultural research • What is a NARS ? • Relationship between IARC and NARS • Types of NARS • Examples of NARS • Importance of IARC’s • Types of Agricultural research M. Corro

  26. M. Corro

  27. International Ag. Research Centers • The IARC's research agenda focuses on both strategic and applied research. • This includes: • Problems affecting agricultural productivity and links these problems to broader concerns • Poverty reduction, • Sustainable management of natural resources, • Protection of biodiversity • Rural development. M. Corro

  28. Types of Agricultural Research • Basic • Strategic • Applied • Adaptive/on farm level M. Corro

  29. Types of Agricultural Research • Basic Research:is undertaken to develop knowledge for its own sake. Without no predetermined use in short term. • Example: • Gene research M. Corro

  30. Types of Agricultural Research • Strategic Research:is aimed at solving those problems which affect several regions of the world or a country. Try to response why ? And how? • Example: • Biotechnology • Identifying new varieties M. Corro

  31. Types of Agricultural Research • Applied Research:is aimed to answer current problems in a particular state, region or county. • Example: • Response to fertilization • Tillage Practices M. Corro

  32. Types of Agricultural Research • Adaptive/Farm Level Research: involves the identification, through experimentation on farms, of the specific combination of crop and animal production practices that will provide maximum productivity on those farm • Example: • Field demonstration, comparison between new practice and the farmer practice M. Corro

More Related