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Skin cancer

Skin cancer. Abbi Herbers Mallory Mullen Mallie Dickmann Leslie Gorham Amber Randle. skin cancer . What is skin cancer?.

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Skin cancer

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  1. Skin cancer AbbiHerbers Mallory Mullen MallieDickmann Leslie Gorham Amber Randle

  2. skin cancer

  3. What is skin cancer? • Skin cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin cells. If left unchecked, these cancer cells can spread from the skin into other tissues and organs. • There are different types of skin cancer. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common. Melanoma is less common, but more dangerous.

  4. The different types of skin cancers • The outer layer of skin, the epidermis, is made up of different types of cells. Skin cancers are classified by the types of epidermal cells involved: • Basal Cell Carcinoma: develops from abnormal growth of the cells in the lowest layer of the epidermis and is the most common type of skin cancer. • Squamous Cell Carcinoma: involves changes in the squamous cells, found in the middle layer of the epidermis. • Melanoma: occurs in the melanocytes (cells that produce pigment) and is less common than squamous or basal cell carcinoma, but more dangerous. It is the leading cause of death from skin disease. • Skin cancers are sometimes classified as either melanoma or nonmelanoma. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common nonmelanoma skin cancers. Other nonmelanoma skin cancers are Kaposi’s Sarcoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, and cutaneous lymphoma.

  5. causes of skin cancer • Skin Cancer is the most common form of cancer in the Unites States. Known risk factors for skin cancer include the following: • Complexion: Skin cancers are more common in people with light-colored skin, hair, and eyes. • Genetics: Having a family history of melanoma increases the risk of developing this cancer. • Age: Nonmelanoma skin cancers are more common after age 40. • Sun exposure and sunburn: Most skin cancers occur on areas of the skin that are regularly exposed to sunlight or other ultraviolet radiation. This is considered the primary cause of all skin cancers. • Skin cancer can develop in anyone, not only people with these risk factors. Young, healthy people -- even those with with dark skin, hair, and eyes -- can develop skin cancer.

  6. Signs and symptoms • A skin abnormality that increases in size and appears multicolored, pink, red, black, brown, tan, pearly, translucent, or tan. • A mole that changes color, textures, grows, becomes irregular in shape, or that is bigger than a pencil eraser. • A spot or growth that continually itches, hurts, becomes crusty, scabs, or bleeds. • An open sore that does not heal after 4 weeks or one that heals and reopens.

  7. s/s of the different kinds of skin cancers • Basal cell carcinomaThis is the most common skin cancer. It's also the most easily treated and the least likely to spread. Basal cell carcinoma usually appears as one of the following: • A pearly or waxy bump on your face, ears or neck • A flat, flesh-colored or brown scar-like lesion on your chest or back • Squamous cell carcinomaSquamous cell carcinoma is easily treated if detected early, but it's slightly more apt to spread than is basal cell carcinoma. Most often, squamous cell carcinoma appears as one of the following: • A firm, red nodule on your face, lips, ears, neck, hands or arms • A flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface on your face, ears, neck, hands or arms • MelanomaThis is the most serious form of skin cancer and the one responsible for most skin cancer deaths. Melanoma can develop anywhere on your body, in otherwise normal skin or in an existing mole that turns malignant. Melanoma most often appears on the trunk, head or neck of affected men. In women, this type of cancer most often develops on the arms or legs.

  8. How is skin cancer diagnosed • Doctors often can recognize skin cancer just by looking at it. • Encourage your doctor to look for growths by doing a complete examination of the entire skin surface during a physical examination at least once a year; more often if you already have a past history of skin cancer. • Many people detect skin cancer themselves while doing a regular skin self-examination. A biopsy, however, is the only certain way of identifying skin cancer, and determining the specific type of cancer. In a biopsy, the doctor removes cells or tissues for examination under a microscope. The examination usually is done by a dermatopathologist, a doctor who studies diseased tissue under a microscope. • Two types of biopsy are done for most skin cancers: • An excisional biopsy excises, or cuts away, the entire visible growth. For small nonmelanoma skin cancer, an excisional biopsy may also be the only treatment necessary, whereas other cancers like malignantmelanoma generally require additional removal of a wider margin of normal tissue around the site. • An incisional biopsy, or core biopsy, removes only a sample of the growth. Further treatment is necessary if the microscopic examination reveals cancer cells. This is the most common type of biopsy.

  9. Medical treatment • Surgery is the most common medical treatment TYPES: excision (cutting it away) -Electrodesiccation: Use of an electric current to destroy cancerous tissue and control bleeding. -Curettage: The removal of growths or other material from the wall of a cavity or other surface, as with a curet. A curet, or curette, is a spoon-shaped instrument with a sharp edge -Cryosurgery: Treatment performed with an instrument that freezes and destroys abnormal tissue • External Radiation Therapy : People who cannot undergo surgery may be treated byexternal radiation therapy. -What is radiation therapy?? is the use of a small beam of radiation targeted at the skin lesion. The radiation kills the abnormal cells and destroys the lesion.

  10. Medical Treatment (cont.) • Chemotherapy -May be used occasionally when it is used, it is usually as a cream applied directly to the cancer. -More rarely, chemothearpyis given by injection for skin cancer • Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)is a newer treatment for skin cancer. -uses laser, or other light sources, combined with a light- sensitive drug to destroy cancer cells. -A photosensitising cream will be applied to your skin. -then need to wait for approximately four to six hours before being treated. Treatment with the light will last 20- 45 minutes. Afterwards a dressing will be put on to cover the area and protect it from light. Usually only one treatment is needed, but occasionally two or three further treatments may be given

  11. Nursing Management • Careful assessment of the client’s skin can reveal suspicious skin lesions • Clients with blue eyes, fair complexion, blonde or red hair, and freckles, have the greatest risks for developing skin cancers • Clients who have had one skin cancer are likely to have more • Early referral and prompt care can ensure a good prognosis • Client teaching and follow up care focus on proper wound care to promote healing and prevent infection since most skin cancers are treated by excision • Many clients will experience body image disturbances and the nurse can help the client cope with this

  12. Nursing Diagnosis • Impaired skin integrity R/T abnormal cell growth in skin • Ineffective health maintenance r/t deficient knowledge regarding self care with skin cancer • Readiness for enhanced knowledge of self care to prevent and treat skin cancer

  13. client teaching and prevention of skin cancer • You can reduce your risk of getting skin cancer. • Limit sun exposure. Attempt to avoid the sun's intense rays between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. • Apply sunscreen frequently. Use a sunscreen with SPF of at least 15 both before and during sun exposure. Select products that block both UVA and UVB light. The label will tell you. • If you are likely to sunburn, wear long sleeves and a wide-brimmed hat. • Avoid artificial tanning booths. • Conduct periodic skin self-examinations

  14. Huge, huge NO-NO’s

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