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Understanding HIV/AIDS: Structure, Replication, Spread, and Myths Debunked

Explore the basic structure and replication process of HIV, how it spreads through various means like sexual contact and sharing needles, and debunk common myths about the virus. Understand the difference between HIV and AIDS, the impact on the immune system, and the global statistics. Educate yourself and others about this important health issue.

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Understanding HIV/AIDS: Structure, Replication, Spread, and Myths Debunked

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  1. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) www.assignmentpoint.com

  2. Basic Structure • Viral envelope – lipid bilayer; glycoproteins protrude from surface • Glycoproteins enable virus to recognize surface proteins of special immune cells and to enter the cell (like a key to the cell’s door) • 2 strands RNA – only 9 genes; 3 are found in many viruses (structural proteins) • Reverse Transcriptase – turns RNA into DNA (this makes HIV a retrovirus); DNA instructs cell to make more viruses www.assignmentpoint.com

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  4. HIV Making Factories • Virus enters cell through endocytosis • Virus replicates RNA to DNA with reverse transcriptase www.assignmentpoint.com

  5. mRNA is created (carries instructions for making new viral proteins) and leaves nucleus • Uses host cell’s enzymes to make new viruses • DNA enters nucleus & binds with host DNA • New virions exit cell through exocytosis to infect other cells (notice cell isn’t destroyed) www.assignmentpoint.com

  6. How Is HIV Spread? • Sexual contact • Sharing contaminated needles • Blood transfusions • Breast feeding (mother to baby) • Mother to baby during pregnancy or birth www.assignmentpoint.com

  7. Think about it… • In the US, there is better than a 1/1000 chance of contracting HIV during unprotected sex • A person can be contagious for more than 10 years before any sign of the disease is apparent • HIV becomes AIDS when the number of immune cells drops below a predetermined number • No one dies from HIV or AIDS; people die from secondary infections (ranging from the common cold to cancer) • More than 3 million people (size of Chicago) die each year • There are approx. 14,000 new cases of HIV worldwide every day www.assignmentpoint.com

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