Managing a Patient Under General Parenteral Anesthesia

1. Manage a Patient Under General Parenteral Anesthesia081-833-4549 INSTRUCTOR SFC HILL

2. OBJECTIVE As a Special Forces Medic given a patient under general parenteral anesthesia, continually monitor the patients vital signs, apply corrective treatment to any life threatening changes in the patients vital signs, and maintain the patient at stage three of general anesthesia in accordance with JSOMTC student manual of anesthesia.

3. REASON • As a Special Forces Medic performing general parenteral anesthesia, you will be responsible for maintaining the patient at stage three of general anesthesia and maintaining the life of the patient through surgery and recovery from anesthesia.

4. PROCEDURES • Review the principles of monitoring and maintenance • Review the components, clinical signs, and depth of anesthesia • Apply the principles of monitoring and maintenance (Circle of Awareness)

5. Review the Principles of Monitoring and Maintenance

6. MonitoringTasks • Level of Anesthesia • A • B • C

7. MonitoringLevel of Anesthesia • Unresponsive to pain stimuli • Eyes fixed and pupils constricted • Muscles relaxed

8. MonitoringAirway • Must maintain positive control over the patients airway (to include the tongue) • Monitor the airway at all time while the patient is under general anesthesia.

9. MonitoringAirway • Oxygenation pre-oxygenate for Intubation 100% O2 - 6 L/min resuscitation 100% O2 - 15+ L/min • Ventilation

10. MonitoringBreathing • The lungs and breathing must be continuously monitored. • Rate and depth of respirations • Dry versus wet lungs?

11. MonitoringBreathing • I Inspection • A Auscultation • P Palpation • P Percussion

12. MonitoringCirculation • Heart rate, character, and rhythm = 68 strong and regular • Tissue perfusion • Body temperature • Renal Function Output = >25 to 50cc/hr

13. Components of General Anesthesia • Muscle Relaxation • Unconsciousness • Analgesia

14. Components of General Anesthesia • Muscle Relaxation • Amount of skeletal muscle relaxation requirements depend on the type of operation.

15. Components of General Anesthesia • Analgesia/ Areflexia • Pain reflexes are subdued.

16. Components of General Anesthesia • Unconsciousness/Hypnosis • The patient is oblivious to all sensation but pain reflexes can occur.

17. Depth of Anesthesia • Stages and Planes of Ether Anesthesia • Stage I Amnesia • Stage II Excitement • Stage III Surgical Anesthesia • Plane 1 • Plane 2 The Surgical Plane • Plane 3 • Plane 4 • Stage IV Impending Death

18. Stages and Planes of Ether Anesthesia • STAGE I Amnesia • From the onset of drowsiness to the loss of the eyelash reflex.

19. Stages and Planes of Ether Anesthesia • STAGE II Excitatory Stage • Agitation, delirium, irregular respiration and breath holding . • Pupils dilate, eyes diverge.

20. Stages and Planes of Ether Anesthesia • STAGE III Surgical Anesthesia • Plane 1 • From the return of regular respirations to the cessation of REM.

21. Stages and Planes of Ether Anesthesia • STAGE III • Plane 2 The Surgical Plane • From the cessation of REM to the onset of paresis of the intercostal muscles.

22. Stages and Planes of Ether Anesthesia • STAGE III • Plane 3 • From the onset to the complete paralysis of the intercostal muscles.

23. Stages and Planes of Ether Anesthesia • STAGE III • Plane 4 • From the paralysis of the intercostal muscles to the paralysis of the diaphragm - at the end of this plane the patient will be apneic.

24. Stages and Planes of Ether Anesthesia • STAGE IV Impending Death • From the onset of apnea to circulatory failure.

25. The Circle of Awareness is the anesthetist monitoring management tool.

26. The circle helps the anesthetist to monitor and manage: • Vital signs • Stage of general anesthesia • Airway, respiratory and cardiac systems • Input and output of all fluids and drugs • Time • Recording • Communications

27. The circle of awareness should begin a few moments after the patient is placed on anesthesia maintenance.

28. PATIENT • Patient should be unresponsive to painful stimuli • Eye’s should be: Fixed, pupils constricted (dilated = caprine specific) and non-reactive to light • Mandible and tongue: Relaxed • Limbs: Relaxed, non-withdrawal to pain • If being assisted by personnel within the OR, request a temperature and blood pressure be taken at this time

29. AIRWAY • Inspect Oxygen Tubing: From the wall to the patient • Inspect Endotracheal Tube: Secured, bulb inflated, bite block present, and suction PRN • Inspect Patients Respiratory Effort: Note rate and rhythm, one deep ventilation

30. BREATHING • Inspect Trachea: Look for Tracheal deviation or jugular vein distention (JVD) • Inspect Chest: Rise and fall • Auscultate Chest: Clear breath sounds, note rate and rhythm (again)

31. CIRCULATION • Auscultate Heart: Note rate and rhythm • Inspect All IV’s : Read labels and check fluid levels, check drip rate, inspect tubing to catheter, inspect IV site for infiltration

32. RECORD • Record on the SF 517: Time, drug input, suction, oxygenation, ventilation, level of consciousness, vitals signs, fluid input/output, all complications throughout surgery in other remarks

33. REPORT • Communicate: Communication the patients status and vitals to surgical team. • Insure you receive a response from the surgeon • At this point, make improvements, adjustments and corrections to any deficiencies that you discovered during the circle

34. SUMMARY OFPROCEDURES • Review the principles of monitoring and maintenance • Review the components, clinical signs, and depth of anesthesia • Apply the principles of monitoring and maintenance (Circle of Awareness)

35. RESTATEDOBJECTIVE As a Special Forces Medic given a patient under general parenteral anesthesia, continually monitor the patients vital signs, apply corrective treatment to any life threatening changes in the patients vital signs, and maintain the patient at stage three of general anesthesia in accordance with JSOMTC student manual of anesthesia.