Penn State Capital College Penn State Harrisburg

1. Penn State Capital College Penn State Harrisburg

2. Cyberplagiarism: New Opportunities for Cheating and New Challenges for Teaching INTERACTIVE EDITION PENN STATE HARRISBURG August 25, 2005

3. Interactive Group Assignments Group A: Click on hyperlink What is Penn State’s definition of Academic Integrity? Where can that definition be found? Academic Integrity Group B: Click on hyperlink What are the most common definitions of Plagiarism?

4. Expectations For StudentsWhat is the Penn State Code of Conduct? “All students are expected to act with personal integrity in order to create and sustain an atmosphere where all can succeed through their own honest efforts.” From Penn State Student Code of Conducthttp://www.psu.edu/ur/2001/principles.html

5. What are Penn State’s Expectations for Faculty? Group A: What Standards Should Faculty Expect and Enforce? http://www.cl.psu.edu/acadpolicies/guideline8.html See “Expectations” section Group B: What Are the Responsibilities of the Individual Course Instructor? See “Expectations” section http://www.cl.psu.edu/acadpolicies/guideline8.html

6. Why Should Faculty Care? Is Plagiarism a Real Problem? “A national survey by Rutgers' Management Education Center of 4,500 high school students found that 75 percent [3375] of them engage in serious cheating.” (Survey: “Many Students Say Cheating's OK,” CNN Online, April 5, 2002). http://www.cnn.com/2002/fyi/teachers.ednews/04/05/highschool.cheating/index.html

7. How Many Students Really Cheat? “Donald McCabe’s study this year of 16,000 undergraduates at 23 colleges and universities found that 38 percent [6080] had taken material from the Internet and passed it off as their own. Forty-four percent of all the students surveyed said it was no big deal.” Felicia R. Lee, “Are More People Cheating”? New York Times (October 4, 2003) http://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/04/arts/04CHEA.html

8. What’s the Story at Penn State? Group A: What Do the Recent Student Surveys Show? See the “Some Numbers” paragraph at: http:// tlt.its.psu.edu/suggestions/cyberplag Group B: Do Cheaters Have High or Low G.P.A.s? See the “Some Numbers” paragraph at: http://tlt.its.psu.edu/suggestions/cyberplag

9. Grades and Cheating Source: http://www.sa.psu.edu/sara/pulse/58-academic.PDF

10. What is the Enforcement History at Penn State?

11. How Do Penn State Faculty Deal with Cheating? “The most common punishment for cheating during the 2001-02 school year was giving students a zero for the assignment or test. Almost half of the students caught were disciplined in this way.” “Other sanctions included a reduced grade on an assignment or the course as a whole, the obligation of redoing the work or just a warning.” Daily Collegian (Monday, January 20, 2003)

12. How Do Students Think the Academic Integrity Policy Should Be Enforced? 83% get an F on test or assignment 42% be put on academic probation 33% get an F for the course 33% have a notation of cheating on transcript 27% have parents notified of cheating 26% be referred to Judicial Affairs 15% have to pay fine 10% be suspended or expelled from the University Source: http://www.sa.psu.edu/sara/pulse/58-academic.PDF

13. Where Do Students Get The Material? “Turnitin indicates that 85% of plagiarized papers are from the Internet; 13% from other student term papers; and, 0.5% from paper mills.” [B. Reagan, “E-commerce (a special report) – siting sources,” Wall Street Journal (September 16, 2002), p. R4.

14. What Enticements Do Web Vendors Offer Students? Group A: How Does This Company Rationalize the Use of Web-Based Materials? http://www.LazyStudents.com Group B: What “Pleasure Principle” Does This Web Site Use to Comfort the Busy Student? http://www.ezwrite.com

15. Can Cheaters Get Quality Material? Group A: What Other Services Can Students Find? http://www.research-papers-research-papers.com Group B: How Can Students Be Sure of Getting Quality Material? http://www.toptermpapersites.com/

16. How Do Web Sites Persuade Students that Using Their Services is Not Cheating? Group A: What Is the Pitch of Cheathouse.Com? http://www.cheathouse.com Group B: What Services Does School Sucks.Com Use to Promote Its Site

17. For Students: Some Incentives/Rationalizations for Cheating Advertisers’ encourage web theft by persuading students that they are: Getting help vs. stealing intellectual property Advertisers’ encourage web theft by creating new sources for plagiarism: 250+ general paper mills 70+ subject specific sites Sites available throughout the world Materials provided in nearly every language

18. For Students: Some Incentives/Rationalizations for Cheating Rationalizations based on subtle sales pitches for students with poor academic preparation Disrespect/mistrust of instructors who don’t seem to care about students or their learning Ignorance of expectations and misunderstandings about assignments to promote products

19. For Students: Some Incentives/Rationalizations for Cheating Belief that higher grades alone determine job opportunities and admission to “good” graduate schools Detection and punishment are so unlikely that “Cheating is a shortcut and it's a pretty efficient one in a lot of cases.“ [Student Alice Newhall quoted on CNN, April 05, 2002]

20. Google’s Homework Helper: Not for Writers OnlyHomework Helpers for Engineers and Scientists Click on: http://www.answers.google.com

21. Fee-Based Helpers for Math and Science Group A: Review a typical algebra homework helper – software assistant http://www.maplesoft.com/maple10/maple10_students_algebra.aspx?p=m10-students-02-algebra Group B: Review a typical math, accounting, finance on-line tutorial http://interactivemathtutor.com/

22. More “Homework Helpers” Group A: Review the Following Web Sites http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/homework/math.aspx http://www.brainmass.com/ Group B: Review the Following Web Sites http://users.adelphia.net/~mathhomeworkhelp/index.html http://school.discovery.com/homeworkhelp/bjpinchbeck/

23. What Can Faculty Do? Group A: Select four tips you believe to be important for preventing plagiarism from the Prevention section of http://tlt.its.psu.edu/suggestions/cyberplag Group B: Select four tips you believe to be important for preventing plagiarism from the Prevention section of http://tlt.its.psu.edu/suggestions/cyberplag

24. What Should Faculty Do? • Provide Real Help to Students • Establish a Learning Community in the Classroom – Create Trust and Expectations for Honesty • Demonstrate That Students Should Take Responsibility for Their Own Learning • Inform Students of Policy and Expectations in Syllabi and Handouts

25. Provide Real Help to Students • Use Out-of-Class Tutorials: Ask Students to Use ANGEL 5 Cyberplagiarism Question Bank • Expect Strong Local Administrative Support for Enforcement of Policy and Consult with the School Directors, Senior Associate Deans, Judicial Affairs Office

26. Provide Real Help to Students • Review Plagiarism Literature Summaries Frequently at Non-Penn State Web Sites Group A: See http://www.web-miner.com/plagiarism Group B: See http://www.google.com and Search “Cyberplagiarism”

27. Provide Real Help to Students • Spend some time in class distinguishing between deliberate and accidental plagiarism Group A: Look under “5.1.” http://www.ecf.utoronto.ca/~writing/interactive-plagiarismtest.html Group B: Look under “Examples of Plagiarism” http://www.chem.uky.edu/courses/common/plagiarism.html

28. Provide Real Help to Students • Use On-line sources to demonstrate knowledge of plagiarism opportunities Group A: What Help is Available at Other Big 10 Institutions http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_plagiar.html Group B: How Do other big 10 universities assist students with tutorials? http://www.indiana.edu/~istd/

29. Provide Real Help to Students • Scan Web Sites for Assistance with Plagiarism and Cyberplagiarism Group A: See http://www.web-miner.com/plagiarism Group B: http://www.virtualsalt.com • Use Search Engines to Locate Sources Group A: See http://www.plagiarism.org/ Group B: See http://www.metacrawl.com

30. Take Reasonable Precautions to Safeguard the Integrity of Writing Assignments • Don’t Use Take Home Examinations with No Limits on Sources • Don’t Assign Research Papers without Explaining the Learning Goals Carefully • Don’t Forget to Use Basal Writing or Handwriting Sample[s] to Establish Students’ Personal Writing Skill Levels

31. How to Safeguard the Integrity of Writing Assignments • Use Practices Common Cumulative Research Reports – Build the Project through Smaller Projects and Evaluated Assignments • Always Establish Specific Learning Goals for Out-of-Class Assignments • Warn Students that All Submitted Material Will Be Checked by Standard Plagiarism Search Software

32. How to Safeguard the Integrity of Writing Assignments • Require Digital/Electronic Submission of All Assignments to Check Students’ Work. • Use Microsoft Word’s Tool by Clicking on File, Properties, Statistics • Student Submits Paper Electronically • Faculty Member Pastes Text into Microsoft Word • Faculty Member Accesses Statistics • Faculty Member Determines How Long the Paper was Being Edited

33. Safeguarding the Integrity of Mathematics or Science Homework • Evaluate/Grade All Submitted Assignments • Comment on Problem Solutions or Uncompleted Steps • Query All Solutions Different from the Practices Studied in Class or the Conventions of the Discipline • Require Written Justifications for Idiosyncratic Solutions

34. Programming and Software Cheating What is Moss? Moss (for a Measure Of Software Similarity) is an automatic system for determining the similarity of C, C++, Java, Pascal, Ada, ML, Lisp, or Scheme programs. . . . The main application of Moss has been in detecting plagiarism in programming classes. Since its development in 1994, Moss has been very effective in this role. Source: http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~aiken/moss.html

35. Latest Tools for Supporting Academic Integrity at Penn State Penn State subscribes to Turnitin.com http://live.psu.edu/story/12056 http://tlt.its.psu.edu/turnitin/ What is Turnitin? Turnitin.com ( http://turnitin.com ) is a Web-based plagiarism detection and prevention system owned by Turnitin.com, Inc.

36. Latest Tools for Supporting Academic Integrity at Penn State Turnitin.com can be used as a means to teach students how to work with sources and to raise awareness of paraphrasing and quoting skills in order to avoid plagiarism. Penn State Help and Training http://tlt.its.psu.edu/turnitin/Faculty.html#GetStarted

37. Where to Get Help with Turnitin? See your local ANGEL representative Ms. Carol McQuiggan (cam240@psu.edu) Attend Academic Integrity workshops sponsored by the Capital College Teaching and Learning Committee (Dates to be announced).

38. Summary Penn State is committed to a policy of Academic Integrity, and this includes a commitment against plagiarism. Penn State is committed to supporting the integrity of the teaching and learning process. Penn State will provide faculty with the tools to accomplish their teaching and learning goals.

39. For a copy of Capital College’s Academic Integrity Policy including an explanation of procedures, check the Academic Policies tab on the Harrisburg web page at: http://www.hbg.psu.eduFor a copy of this interactive presentation, click on URL: http://www.personal.psu.edu/wjm2/Cyberplag_ Interactive.ppt

40. Penn State Capital College Penn State Harrisburg