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Measurement

This section explores key concepts in scientific measurement, including the use of scientific notation for large and small numbers, and the SI (International System of Units) that standardizes measurements in science. Learn to convert between different units, understand the significance of base and derived SI units, and compare temperature scales (Celsius, Kelvin, Fahrenheit). The guide provides practical exercises for applying conversion techniques and understanding prefix values, enabling better communication of scientific data.

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Measurement

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  1. Measurement Chapter 1 Section 3 p. 14-20

  2. Objectives • How do I use scientific notation? • What are the SI units used in science? • How do I convert from one unit to another? • How are the Celsius, Kelvin, and Fahrenheit temperature scales alike? Different?

  3. Scientific notation • Used to make very large or very small numbers easier to work with • Numbers in scientific notation look like this: 3, 650, 000 km becomes 3.65 x 106 km (Notice how many digits and where ) • Numbers greater than 1 have positive exponents • Numbers less than 1 have negative exponents 0.000 078 g becomes 7.80 x 10-5 g

  4. Practice • Change each of the following measurements into scientific notation: • 24.8 m • 780.46 cm • 6 525 150 mg • 0.075 L • 0.000 025 kg

  5. SI System of measurement • Universal system of measurement used by all scientists • One common system ensures that all scientists can easily understand and interpret each other’s data • SI is based on 7 metric units called base units • All other units, called derived units, are made by combining base units

  6. SI base units

  7. Derived units • Examples of common derived units: • Area, m2 (m x m) • Volume, m3 (m x m x m) • Density, g/cm3

  8. Measurement activity • Remeasure your paper clip, rubber band, and sheet of paper, using a centimeter ruler. Write your measurements in data table 2. • For each object, determine its length/distance in meters!

  9. Unit conversion- you know how to do this!! • Change each of the following measurements into the units indicated: • Change 5.0 feet into yards • Change 75 s into minutes • Change 0.46 yards into inches

  10. Converting between SI units • Prefixes representing specific values are used to convert between metric units.

  11. To change from one unit to another, you must multiply/divide by the value of the prefixes involved • This means you have to know how the units are related, or how many of one unit equals one of another unit. • Use the prefix chart to determine which power of ten you will be using (10, 100, 1000, 1 000 000, 1 000 000 000, etc).

  12. Determine prefix value • What is the power of ten value for each of the following? • Kilo • Centi • Micro • Answers: • 1000 • 100 • 1 000 000

  13. Using prefix values to convert units • Conversion multiplies or divides by powers of ten to move the decimal. • Example: to change m into cm, multiply by 100. moves the decimal two places (same as number of zeros). • From small unit to large unit- divide (decimal moves left) • From large unit to small- multiply (decimal moves right)

  14. Example • Change 245.2 mm to m • mm is smaller than m • going from small to large- dividing • milli means 1/1000 so I am working with 1000 (three zeros) • 245.2 mm = 0.2452 m 1000 mm/m

  15. Practice • Convert each of the following: • 53.2 mm = _______ m • 85, 450 mL = __________ L • 6.88 m = _________ cm • 8 750 mm = ________km

  16. Stair step method • Works for conversions between prefixes kilo to milli • Up the stairs- decimal left • Down the stairs- decimal right

  17. Temperature scales • There are three common temperature scales: Celsius, Kelvin, and Fahrenheit • Each temperature scale is divided into small, equal divisions • The Fahrenheit scale has different divisions from the other scales. • The Celsius and Kelvin scales are divided the same way.

  18. Temperature scale comparison Kelvin does not use degrees!

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