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RFID/USN 2009 Songdo, Korea

RFID/USN 2009 Songdo, Korea. Craig K. Harmon. Presentation posted at http://www.autoid.org/presentations/presentations.htm. The State of Standards. Radio-frequency identification, including Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS) ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4 ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 5 EPCglobal

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RFID/USN 2009 Songdo, Korea

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  1. RFID/USN 2009Songdo, Korea Craig K. Harmon Presentation posted at http://www.autoid.org/presentations/presentations.htm

  2. The State of Standards • Radio-frequency identification, including Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS) • ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4 • ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 5 • EPCglobal • RFID/USN • Ubiquitous RFID • Near-field Communications (NFC) • ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 6 • Sensors • ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 6 • Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) • RFID/USN • JTC 1 Study Group on Sensor Networks (SGSN)

  3. The State of Standards (continued) • Mobile Item Identification & Management (MIIM) – The convergence of mobile computing, wireless communications, and automatic identification • ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 6 • ITU-T SG 16/SG 17 • GS1 MobileCom • Security • ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 • ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 7 • ITU-T SG 16/SG 17 • ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 6 (for sensors) The creation of standards is too expensive and the human capital required is too scarce for efforts to be duplicated by multiple organizations!

  4. International Standards ActivitiesThere will be a short quiz at the end International International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) International Telecommunications Union (ITU) (United Nations) Universal Postal Union (UPU) (United Nations) TC 122 Packaging ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 (JTC 1) WG 4 - Shpng Lbl WG 5 - Terminology ITU-T (fka CCITT) Telecommunications Standardization WG 7 – Prod Pkgng SC 31 Automatic Data Capture WG 10 - SCARFID SC 17 IC Cards Prod Mrkng WG 1 - Symbology TC 104 Freight Containers WG 2 - Data Content ITU-R (fka CCIR & IFBR) Radio-frequency Issues WG 3 - Conformance SC 6 Telcom & info exchbtwn systems WG 4 - RFID TC 8 Ships & Marine Tech WG 5 - RTLS ITU-D (fka BDT) Telecommunications Development WG 6 - MIIM WG 7 - Security Regional Comité Européen Postal & Telegraph (CEPT) Comité Européen Normalisation (CEN) ETSI ECMA CENELEC ODETTE National Standards Assocof China (SAC) British Standards Institution (BSI) Deutches Institut fur Normung (DIN) KATS ANSI JISC MHI AIM GS 1 IEEE INCITS Other T6 B10 Industry VDA ATIS DoD ATA AIA HIBCC AIAG GS 1 Other EPCglobal\

  5. International Activity that Affects You ISO IEC ITU IMO TC 122Packaging TC 3Info Doc JTC 1 ITU-T ITU-R TC 104FreightContainers SC 31AIDC TC 106HumanEMC Exp JCA-NID WP 1A WCO SG 16e-Everything SC 17ICC WP 1B TC 8Ships CISPRRadio EMI SG 17Security SC 6Network WP 5B TC 204ITS SC 27Security UN/ECE TC 247Anti-Counterfeiting SC 38SGSN

  6. JTC 1/SC 31 – Structure JTC 1/SC 31AIDC Vocabulary WG 1ORM WG 2Data Structure WG 3ORM Confrmnc WG 4RFID WG 5RTLS WG 6MIIM WG 7Security Tag ID SG 1Mobile RFID SG 1Software SG 3Air Interface SG 2Sensors SG 5Implementation RFID Emblem SG 6Conformance IEEE1451 SG 7Security

  7. Types of Standards • Technology • Symbology, RFID, I.C. Card, Sensor • Data Content • Semantics (DIs or AIs), Syntax, Unique Item Identification, Unique Device Identification • Conformance • Print Quality, Test Specifications, Conformance to Air Interface • Network • Object-to-object communications, Sensor Networks • Application Standards • Freight container, Returnable Transport Item, Shipping Label, Product Package, Product Mark/Tag, eSeal, Access to web services

  8. Wireless CommunicationsStandards and Regulations Regulations • International regulations – ITU-R • Regional regulations – ETSI • National regulations – MIC, SRCC, METI, FCC Standards - International • JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4 – RFID • JTC 1/SC 31/WG 5 – RTLS • JTC 1/SC 31/WG 6 – MIIM/Sensors • JTC 1/SC 6 – Networking • ITU-T SG 16 • IETF

  9. International Frequency Allocation840 – 960 MHz

  10. SC 31/WG 4 Radio Frequency Identification

  11. Technical StandardsRadio Frequency Identification (RFID) • ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4/SG 3 • RFID for Item Management Air Interface (ISO 18000) • ISO/IEC 18000-1 - Generic parameters - Air interface • ISO/IEC 18000-2 - Parameters for air interface below 135 kHz • ISO/IEC 18000-3 - Parameters for air interface at 13.56 MHz • includes Mode 1 (15693) and Mode 2 (PJM) • 1st revision includes Mode 3 (13,56 PHY – Gen 2 logical) • ISO/IEC 18000-4 - Parameters for air interface at 2.45 GHz • ISO/IEC 18000-6 - Parameters for air interface at 860-960 MHz • includes Type A and Type B (INCITS 256) • includes Type C (EPCglobal Gen2) • draft includes battery-assist (PowerPaper and Intelleflex) • ISO/IEC 18000-7 - Parameters for active air interface at 433.92 MHz

  12. SC 31/WG 5 Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS) Marsha A. Harmon, Convenor

  13. ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 5 - RTLS • ISO/IEC/IEEE 1451.0, Standard for a Smart Transducer Interface for Sensors and Actuators — Common Functions, Communication Protocols, and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) Formats • ISO/IEC 24730-1:2006, Information technology — Real-time locating systems (RTLS) -- Part 1: Application program interface (API) • ISO/IEC 24730-2:2006, Information technology — Real-time locating systems (RTLS) — Part 2: 2,4 GHz air interface protocol • ISO/IEC FCD 24730-5, Information technology — Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS) — Part 5: Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) at 2,4 GHz air interface (BRM – 2009-10-15 – Dublin) • ISO/IEC NP 24730-2, Information technology — Automatic and identification for data capture techniques — Real-time locating systems (RTLS) -- Part 2: 2,4 GHz air interface protocol (BRM – 2009-10-15 – Dublin) • ISO/IEC NP 24730-6, Information technology — Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS) — Ultra Wide Band (UWB) air interface protocol (U.S. contribution) • ETSI EN 302 500-1, Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band (UWB) technology; Location Tracking equipment operating in the frequency range from 6 GHz to 8, 5 GHz; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods • ETSI EN 302 500-2, Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band (UWB) technology; Location Tracking equipment operating in the frequency range from 6 GHz to 8, 5 GHz; Part 2: Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive

  14. SC 31/WG 6 Mobile Item Identification& Management

  15. SC 31/WG 6 Scope Standardization of automatic identification and data collection techniques that are anticipated to be connected to wired or wireless networks, including sensor specifications, combining RFID with mobile telephony, and combining optically readable media with mobile telephony. • Convenor: Craig K. Harmon, United States • Secretary: Se Won Oh, Korea

  16. SC 31/WG 6 Projects • ISO/IEC 29143, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Air interface specification for Mobile RFID interrogator • ISO/IEC 29172, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Mobile item identification and management — Reference architecture for Mobile AIDC services • ISO/IEC 29173, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Mobile item identification and management — Mobile RFID interrogator device protocol • ISO/IEC 29174, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Mobile item identification and management — UII scheme and encoding format for Mobile AIDC services • ISO/IEC 29175, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Mobile item identification and management — Application data structure and encoding format for Mobile AIDC services

  17. SC 31/WG 6 Projects • ISO/IEC 29176, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Mobile item identification and management — Consumer privacy-protection protocol for Mobile RFID services • ISO/IEC 29177, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Mobile item identification and management — Object Directory Service for Mobile AIDC services • ISO/IEC 29178, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Mobile item identification and management — Service broker for Mobile AIDC services • ISO/IEC 29179, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Mobile item identification and management — Mobile AIDC application programming interface

  18. SC 31/WG 6 Project Status

  19. IEEE Standards to ISO/IEC/IEEE Standards • IEEE Standards to SC 31/WG 6 under PSDO • ISO/IEC/IEEE 21450 [IEEE 1451-0], Information technology — Standard for a Smart Transducer Interface for Sensors and Actuators — Common Functions, Communication Protocols, and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) Formats • ISO/IEC/IEEE 21451-1 [IEEE 1451-1], Information technology — Standard for a Smart Transducer Interface for Sensors and Actuators — Network Capable Application Processor (NCAP) Information Model • ISO/IEC/IEEE 21451-2 [IEEE 1451-2], Information technology — Standard for a Smart Transducer Interface for Sensors and Actuators — Transducer to Microprocessor Communication Protocols and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) Formats • ISO/IEC/IEEE 21451-4 [IEEE 1451-4], Information technology — Standard for a Smart Transducer Interface for Sensors and Actuators — Mixed-Mode Communication Protocols and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) Formats • IEEE 1451.7 to SC 31/WG 6 under PSDO Joint Development • ISO/IEC/IEEE 21451-7, Information technology — Standard for a Smart Transducer Interface for Sensors and Actuators - Transducers to Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Systems Communication Protocols and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet Formats

  20. Data Structure

  21. Standards for Data Structure • JTC 1/SC 31/WG 2 • Data syntax – ISO/IEC 15434 • Data semantics – ISO/IEC 15418 • Unique item identification – ISO/IEC 15459 • Encoding (six bit) – ISO/IEC 29162 • JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4 • Unique tag ID – ISO/IEC 15963 • Commands – ISO/IEC 15962 • Data constructs – ISO/IEC 15961 • JTC 1/SC 31/WG 6 • Unique sensor ID – IEEE EUI-64 • Commands & Encoding – ISO/IEC/IEEE 21451-7 • Mobile item identification – ISO/IEC 29174

  22. 18000-6C Memory Banks

  23. 18000-6C MB 012

  24. Summary • Radio regulations beginning to converge • Still too many organizations developing standards for • RFID (SC 31/WG 4, ITU-T SG 16, SC 6, NFC, EPCglobal) • Sensors (SC 31/WG 6 & IEEE, SGSN) • Data structures (SC 31/WG 4, SC 31/WG 6, ITU-T SG 16 • Resolving duplicate efforts cannot be accomplished by a third party but cooperatively between JTC 1 and ITU-T. • Hopefully, discussions between JTC 1 & ITU-T will commence in February 2010 (Chairs Meeting). Cooperation is measured not by the number of times we agree, but more so by the number of times we resolve those issues where we disagree.

  25. ???

  26. Thank you!!! Craig K. Harmon, President & CEO Q.E.D. Systems 3963 Highlands Lane, SE Cedar Rapids, IA 52403-2140 USA (V): +1 319/364-0212 (M): +1 319/533-8092 (E): craig.harmon@qed.org (U): http://www.autoid.org

  27. Social issue - Health • Test Protocol suites have been identified • RF emissions and the susceptibility of active implantable medical devices, e.g. ICDs, pacemakers, artificial pancreas . . .  • RF emissions and the susceptibility of electronic medical equipment, e.g. EEGs, EKGs . . .  • RF emissions and the susceptibility of in vitro diagnostic equipment, e.g. electronic blood glucose meters, electronic test kits used in hospital laboratories • Human physiology, blood, vaccines, and pharmaceuticals • These Test Protocols initially will focus on the 11 different ISO/IEC standards for RFID and RTLS and will also explore IEEE 802.11.

  28. Social issue - Health • Test Protocols to be developed in support of existing ISO and IEC standards • Test Protocols to be submitted to the U.S. FDA for approval • Certification will commence approximately six months from the inauguration of the project • Test Labs will work with manufacturers of medical devices, clinical instruments, and RF emitters to take the necessary steps to permit electromagnetic compatibility • Those devices certified as benign to a health care setting will be promoted

  29. Social issue - Health • Two prestigious test labs bifurcating the work effort • Georgia Tech Research Institute • MET Labs • RF emitter manufacturers loan systems that rotating among the Test Labs; may secure certification with the lab • Medical device manufacturer’s may secure certification with Test Lab

  30. The ISO Process Craig K. Harmon

  31. ISO Deliverables Process Voting Period by Whom 1 3 5 NP (New Work Item Proposal) by Member Body or Liaison Consensus building within TC/SC Formal vote on FDIS (proof check by secretariat) 4 2 6 Publication of International Standard Enquiry on DIS (Draft International Standard) Building expert consensus 3 months TC (ISO) or SC (JTC 1) Deliverables > > First CD (Committee Draft) 3 months TC (ISO) or SC (JTC 1) > > DIS (ISO) — FCD (JTC 1) (Draft International Standard) 4 months JTC 1-5 months ISO TC (ISO) or SC (JTC 1) > > Final text for processing as FDIS (Final Draft International Standard) 2 months ISO Member Bodies > > Final text of IS (International Standard) ≈ 1 month Project editor/ISO Tech Editor > > ISO International Standard ≈ 2 months ISO Central Secretariat Note: At the conclusion of each stage the result of voting concludes whether the work item is advanced to the next stage or sent back to repeat the stage. Comments received on a ballot must be reconciled before advancement. FDIS balloting is Yes/No. Any comments received are retained for the next periodic review (≈5 years)

  32. This target date planner shows you the three main development tracks for project managing the development of an ISO standard. It will help you choose the track and then set the target dates you need to meet for your standards to be delivered to the market on time. The times shown are the maximum for each stage and can be shortened whenever possible. JTC 1 TargetDate Planner ! ! 2 years (Accelerated) Approval Approval at DIS and FDIS stages requires two thirds of P members of the TC to vote yes and not more than a quarter of all votes cast to be negative. 100% approval at DIS can mean straight to publication if the committee agrees. FDIS ! ! 3 years (Default) FDIS ! ! 4 years (Extended) FDIS Explanation ISO Technical Committee time:Document being developed in the relevant committee ISO Central Secretariat time:Document being processed (e.g. evaluation in the relevant committee, editing, proofreading) ISO Member body time:Document circulated to ISO member bodies for FCD/FDIS vote ! Months marked with this are the key limit dates. Missing them means action is needed to avoid eventual cancellation of the project

  33. ISO TC 122 Packaging —

  34. Supply chair layers with returnable packaging

  35. The Layers of Logistic Units (Optically Readable Media - ORM) Layer 5ISO TC 204 (None)ISO TC 8 (None)AIAG B-15 Movement Vehicle (truck, airplane, ship, train) Layer 4ISO 6346 (OCR)(Freight containers) Container (e.g., 40 foot Sea Container) Layer 3ISO 15394(Returnable transport items)ANS MH10.8.1GS1 Gen Spec (GRAI) Unit Load “Pallet” Unit Load “Pallet” Layer 2 ISO 15394(Transport units)ANS MH10.8.1GS1 Gen Spec (SSCC) Transport Unit Transport Unit Transport Unit Transport Unit Layer 1 ISO 22742(Product packaging)ANS MH10.8.6GS1 Gen Spec (GTIN) Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Layer 0 ISO 28219(Product tagging)ANS MH10.8.7GS1 Gen Spec (GTIN) Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item

  36. Supply chair layers with returnable packagingOptically Readable Media (ORM)

  37. ISO TC 122 - Packaging • ISO 15394.2, Packaging — Bar code and two-dimensional symbols for shipping, transport and receiving labels (Revision of ISO 15394:2000) • 2009 Edition as ISO/CS for publication, proof editing completed • ISO 22742.2, Packaging — Linear bar code and two-dimensional symbols for product packaging (Revision of ISO 22742:2004) • CD ballot passed, DIS scheduled for April 2009 • ISO 28219:2009, Packaging — Labelling and direct product marking with linear bar code and two-dimensional symbols • Published 2009-01-15 • ISO 11156, Packaging - Accessible design - General guidelines • WD circulated for registration as CD on 2009-04-29 • NVC proposal to use NFC for RFID-enabled packaging

  38. The Layers of Logistic Units (Radio Frequency Identification - RFID) Layer 5 Movement Vehicle (truck, airplane, ship, train) Layer 4 (433 MHz)ISO 17363(Freight containers) Container (e.g., 40 foot Sea Container) Layer 3 (860-960 MHz)(Other 18000 with TPA) ISO 17364(Returnable transport items) Unit Load “Pallet” Unit Load “Pallet” Layer 2 (860-960 MHz)(Other 18000 with TPA) ISO 17365(Transport units) Transport Unit Transport Unit Transport Unit Transport Unit Layer 1 (860-960 MHz with TPA)(13.56 MHz with TPA)ISO 17366(Product packaging) Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Pkg Layer 0 (860-960 MHz with TPA)(13.56 MHz with TPA)ISO 17367(Product tagging) Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item “TPA” - Trading Partner Agreement Concept Source: Akira Shibata, DENSO-Wave Corporation

  39. Supply chair layers with returnable packagingRadio-frequency Identification (RFID)

  40. ISO TC 122 – Packaging – WG 10, SCARFID • ISO 17363, Supply chain applications of RFID – Freight containers • Published 2007; revision proposed by U.S. in April 2009 • ISO 17364, Supply chain applications of RFID – Returnable transport items • Completed 2007, waited for CD ballot approval of 18000-3m3 • FDIS ballot expected by May, 2009 • Revision proposed by U.S. upon successful completion of FDIS ballot • ISO 17365, Supply chain applications of RFID – Transport units • Completed 2007, waited for CD ballot approval of 18000-3m3 • FDIS ballot expected by May, 2009 • Revision proposed by U.S. upon successful completion of FDIS ballot • ISO 17366, Supply chain applications of RFID – Product packaging • Completed 2007, waited for CD ballot approval of 18000-3m3 • Publication expected by May, 2009; ; revision proposed by U.S. in April 2009 • ISO 17367, Supply chain applications of RFID – Product tagging • Completed 2007, waited for CD ballot approval of 18000-3m3 • Publication expected by May, 2009; ; revision proposed by U.S. in April 2009

  41. Six-bit ASCII (ISO 1736x & 29162) • Values 100001 through 100111 and 011110 through 011111 reserved: • — <EOT> (100001) • — <GS> (100010) • — <RS> (100011)

  42. Benefit of 1736x Declaring 6-bit ASCII • After compaction and encoding ISO/IEC 15962 concludes with 6-bit encoding • Includes all required characters for supply chain data • Is 25% more compact than existing 8-bit ASCII • Characters derived by simply extracting the two highest order bits from 8-bit ASCII • Does not require ISO/IEC 15962, DSFID, Precursor, OIDs, Relative OIDs, or Packed Objects • Monomorphic UIIs are supposed to declare encoding; though 1736x currently does not • Specific codeword (100001) for character string “[)>RS06GS . . . EOT” (similar to Data Matrix encoding) • Ten (10) characters not required for supply chain applications can be used for special characters used in 15434, plus a latch to 8-bit ASCII if required • Enables direct translation from RFID to optically readable media (back-up) • Enables an efficiently encoded UII, derived from ISO/IEC 15459

  43. ISO TC 104 Freight Containers

  44. ISO TC 104 – Structure ISO TC 104Freight Containers SC 1General Purpose Containers SC 2Specific Purpose Containers SC 4Identification & Communication WG 1Coding, ID, & marking WG 8Mechanical Seals WG 1General cargo WG 1Thermal containers WG 2Handling &securing WG 4Tank containers WG 2AEI for containers WG 3Communication & terminology WG 3Straddle carriers

  45. ISO TC 104/SC 4/WG 2 • ISO 18185-1:2007,  Freight containers - Electronic seals - Part 1: Communication protocol • ISO 18185-2:2007,  Freight containers - Electronic seals - Part 2: Application requirements • ISO 18185-3:2006,  Freight containers - Electronic seals - Part 3: Environmental characteristics • ISO 18185-4:2007,  Freight containers - Electronic seals - Part 4: Data protection • ISO 18185-5:2007,  Freight containers - Electronic seals - Part 5: Physical layer Original numbering • ISO 18185-5,  Freight containers - Electronic seals - Part 5: Sensor interface • ISO 18185-6,  Freight containers - Electronic seals - Part 6: Messages sets for transfer between seal reader and host computer • ISO 18185-7,  Freight containers - Electronic seals - Part 7: Physical layer

  46. ISO TC 104/SC 4 • ISO/DIS 17712.2, Freight containers — Mechanical seals (2009-01-27) • ISO/PAS 17712:2006, Freight containers — Mechanical seals • ISO 6346:1995, Freight containers — Coding, identification and marking • ISO 10374:1991, Freight containers — Automatic identification • ISO 10374:1991/Amd 1:1995 • ISO/TS 10891:2009, Freight containers — Radio frequency identification (RFID) — Licence plate tag • ISO/TS 10891:2009/Cor 1:2009 • ISO/NP 12811, Reusable Multi-functional electronic seals for freight container • Freight containers – Radio frequency identification (RFID) – Cargo shipment tag • ISO 9711-1:1990, Freight containers — Information related to containers on board vessels — Part 1: Bay plan system, • ISO/NP 9897, Freight containers — Container equipment data exchange (CEDEX) — General communication codes, • ISO 9897:1997, Freight containers — Container equipment data exchange (CEDEX) — General communication codes, • ISO 9897:1997/Cor 1:2001

  47. International Telecommunications Union - Standardization (ITU-T)

  48. ITU-T Study Group 2 -Operational aspects of service provision, networks and performance Lead Study Group on Service definition, Numbering and Routing. Lead Study Group for Telecommunication for Disaster Relief/Early Warning. Study Group 3 - Tariff and accounting principles including related telecommunication economic and policy issues Study Group 4 - Telecommunication management Lead Study Group on Telecommunication Management. Study Group 5 - Protection against electromagnetic environment effects Study Group 6 -Outside plant and related indoor installations Study Group 9 -Integrated broadband cable networks and television and sound transmission Lead Study Group on integrated broadband cable and television networks. Study Group 11 -Signalling requirements and protocols Lead Study Group on signalling and protocols Lead Study Group on intelligent networks Study Group 12 -Performance and quality of service Lead Study Group on Quality of Service and performance Study Group 13 - Next Generation Networks Lead study group for NGN and satellite matters. Study Group 15 - Optical and other transport network infrastructures Lead Study Group on Access Network Transport and on Optical Technology. Study Group 16 - Multimedia terminals, systems and applications Lead Study Group on multimedia terminals, systems and applications. Lead Study Group on ubiquitous applications (“e-everything”, such as e-health and e-business). Study Group 17 - Security, languages and telecommunication software Lead Study Group on Telecommunication Security. Lead Study Group on Languages and Description Techniques. Study Group 19 - Mobile telecommunication networks Lead Study Group on mobile telecommunication networks and for mobility. Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group (TSAG) TSAG reviews priorities, programmes, operations, financial matters and strategies for the Sector, follows up on the accomplishment of the work programme, restructures and establishes ITU-T Study Groups, provides guidelines to the Study Groups, advises the Director of TSB, elaborates A-series Recommendations on organization and working procedures. The standardization work of ITU-T is carried out by the technical Study Groups(SGs) in which representatives of the ITU-T membership develop Recommendations (standards) for the various fields of international telecommunications. The SGs drive their work primarily in the form of study Questions. Each of these addresses technical studies in a particular area of telecommunication standardization. Each SG has a SG Chairman and a number of vice-chairmen appointed by the World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA).

  49. ITU-T working procedures with ISO/IEC JTC 1and other bodies • Rec. A.23 : "Collaboration with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on information technology” • Annex A to Rec. A.23 : "Guide to ITU-T and ISO/IEC JTC 1 cooperation" Note: This Annex is also published as Annex K to JTC1 Directives (Nov. 2001) • Rec. A.6 : "Cooperation and exchange of information between ITU-T and national and regional standards development organizations” • Rec. A.4 : "Communication process between ITU-T and Forums and Consortia" • Rec. A.5 : "Generic procedures for including references to of other organizations in ITU-T Recommendations"

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