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Lesson Overview

Lesson Overview. 4.1 Climate. Ecosystems and Communities. What is climate, and how does it differ from weather? How do climate and weather affect organisms and ecosystems?. Weather and Climate. What is climate?

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Lesson Overview

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  1. Lesson Overview 4.1 Climate

  2. Ecosystems and Communities • What is climate, and how does it differ from weather? How do climate and weather affect organisms and ecosystems?

  3. Weather and Climate • What is climate? • A region’s climate is defined by year-after-year patterns of temperature and precipitation.

  4. Weather and Climate • Weather is the day-to-day condition of Earth’s atmosphere. • Climate refers to average conditions over long periods and is defined by year-after-year patterns of temperature and precipitation. • Climate is rarely uniform even within a region. Environmental conditions can vary over small distances, creating microclimates. • For example, in the Northern Hemisphere, south-facing sides of trees and buildings receive more sunlight, and are often warmer and drier, than north-facing sides. These differences can be very important to many organisms.

  5. Factors That Affect Climate • What factors determine global climate?

  6. Factors That Affect Climate • What factors determine global climate? • Global climate is shaped by many factors, including solar energy trapped in the biosphere, latitude, and the transport of heat by winds and ocean currents.

  7. Solar Energy and the Greenhouse Effect • The main force that shapes our climate is solar energy that arrives as sunlight that strikes Earth’s surface. • Some of that energy is reflected back into space, and some is absorbed and converted into heat.

  8. Solar Energy and the Greenhouse Effect • Some of the heat also radiates back into space, and some is trapped in the biosphere. • The balance between heat that stays in the biosphere and heat lost to space determines Earth’s average temperature.

  9. Solar Energy and the Greenhouse Effect • Earth’s temperature is largely controlled by concentrations of three atmospheric gases—carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor. • These “greenhouse gases” function like glass in a greenhouse, allowing visible light to enter but trapping heat through a phenomenon called the greenhouse effect.

  10. Solar Energy and the Greenhouse Effect • If greenhouse gas concentrations rise, they trap more heat, so Earth warms. If their concentrations fall, more heat escapes, and Earth cools. • Without the greenhouse effect, Earth would be about 30°C cooler than it is today.

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