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MSN 510 Notes

This outline delves into the essential principles of image formation and processing, including the Huygens-Fresnel Principle, Fourier Transform, and diffraction effects from apertures. It covers convolution techniques, the coherence of light waves, and the role of lenses and optical filtering. Additionally, the discussion extends to the anatomy of the eye, magnifying glasses, and simple microscopes. By understanding these foundational concepts, we can gain insights into how images are formed and manipulated in both natural and artificial systems.

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MSN 510 Notes

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  1. MSN 510 Notes 2. Fundamental Concepts in Image Formation and Processing

  2. Outline • Summary: Huygens-Fresnel Principle • The Fourier Transform • Diffraction from a single aperture • Convolution • Coherence of a lightwave: White light vs laser • What is a Lens? • Fourier Transforming property of a lens • Optical Filtering • The Eye • Magnifying Glass • A Simple Microscope

  3. Huygens-Fresnel Principle • Each Point acts as a point source • Complex wave amplitude is calculated by adding up all contributions from source points

  4. Radiation pattern • A polar plot of the intensity of from a source (measured far away from the source)

  5. The Fourier Transform • We write a 1D or 2D function as the sum of sinusoids. Convolution and fourier transforms

  6. Convolution • Formal Definition

  7. Diffraction from a single aperture • Slit

  8. Diffraction and FT

  9. Coherence • A measure of how sinusoidal the light is • Or the length over which it interferes with itself

  10. What is a lens? Ray transfer matrices Thin lens Free Space

  11. Interesting Example

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