Indian Culture Groups of Texas

1. Indian Culture Groups of Texas Southeastern Plains Pueblo Gulf Coastal

2. Farming Cultures Southeastern Pueblo

3. Farming CivilizationsCaddo, Jumano, and Wichitas • Food – Wild game, crops such as corn, beans, squash • Government – Tribal Council, Chief • Religion – Tribal priest, temple, burial mounds • Clothing – loin cloths, leggings, skirts – mostly made of animal skins • Appearance – wore tattoos • Housing – Bee hived shaped grass houses made of long poles, adobe houses - Jumano • These Indians cleared the forests and planted crops. They made pottery from the clay and traded with other Indians for things they needed. The Jumanos set up irrigation systems from the Rio Grande to water their crops. The Wichitas hunted the Buffalo as well as farmed.

4. Hunters and Gathers Plains Gulf Coastal

5. Karankawas, Coahuiltecans, Apaches, Comanches, Kiowas • Housing – Temporary grass shelters – lean to, caves, tipis • Government – tribal council, chief • Food – Pemican, cactus, mesquite beans, buffalo, deer, alligator, various wild game. • Clothing – skirt, leggings, loin cloths – animal skin, shawls – Spanish moss • Religion/beliefs – religious ceremonies – marriage, adulthood, burial, etc. Plains – prayers for buffalo • Appearance – Apache – long hair on one side, ear rings, paint for war party, cane through chin and chest • Misc. – Comanche – best horseman in the world