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Selected Phonological Rules / Processes

Selected Phonological Rules / Processes.  Assimilation  Dissimilation  Feature Changing  Segment Insertion  Segment Deletion  Movement / Metathesis.

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Selected Phonological Rules / Processes

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  1. Selected Phonological Rules / Processes  Assimilation  Dissimilation  Feature Changing  Segment Insertion  Segment Deletion  Movement / Metathesis Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2007. An Introduction to Language, 8th edition. Boston, MA: Thomson Wadsworth, pp. 274-282.

  2. Distinctive Features / p / / b / /m/ Consonantal + + + Stop + + + Continuant – – – Labial + + + Voiced – + + Nasal – – + Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2007. An Introduction to Language, 8th edition. Boston, MA: Thomson Wadsworth, p. 267.

  3. Segment Deletion/ g / before Word-Final Nasal A B sign signature design designation paradigm paradigmatic sign signs / signing design designs / designing Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2007. An Introduction to Language, 8th edition. Boston, MA: Thomson Wadsworth, p. 279.

  4. Segment Deletion:/ b / after Word-final / m / A B bomb bombardier iamb iambic crumb crumble bomb bombing / bomber iamb iambs crumb crumbs climb climbing / climber comb combs / combing lamb lambs Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language, 7th ed. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 310.

  5. Segment Deletion:Optional Unstressed Syllable Deletion mystery mystry general genral memory memry funeral funral vigorous vigrous Barbara Barbra Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2007. An Introduction to Language, 8th edition. Boston, MA: Thomson Wadsworth, p. 279.

  6. Phonemic Representations and Phonetic Realizations A B compete [ i ] competition [ ǝ ] medicinal [ I ] medicine [ ǝ ] maintain [ e ] maintenance [ ǝ ] telegraph [ ɛ ] telegraphy [ ǝ ] Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2007. An Introduction to Language, 8th edition. Boston, MA: Thomson Wadsworth, p. 282.

  7. Phonemic Representations and Phonetic Realizations A B analysis [ æ] analytic [ ǝ ] solid [ a ] solidify [ ǝ ] phone [ o ] phonetic [ ǝ ] Talmudic [ ʊ ] Talmud [ ǝ ] Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2007. An Introduction to Language, 8th edition. Boston, MA: Thomson Wadsworth, p. 282.

  8. English Syllable Structure σ Onset Rime Nucleus Coda s p l I n t s Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2007. An Introduction to Language, 8th edition. Boston, MA: Thomson Wadsworth, p. 287.

  9. Chinese Syllable Structure σ Onset Rime Glide Nucleus Coda    N OPTIONAL ( ) ( ) ( ) { Nasal } { Glide } { Nothing } { -r } Adapted from The Segmental Phonology of Southern Min in Taiwan, fourth edition. Raung-fu Chung. Kaohsiung: Fu-Wen Books, 1995.

  10. Analysis Procedure 1. Collect data 2. Look for phonological patterns and the contexts (or environments) that show similarities or differences (See TIP) 3. Organize data according to patterns or contexts 4. Identify the allophones and their associated environments 5. Formulate a generalization or rule TIP: Look for minimal pairs and complementary distribution

  11. Chapter 7 Homework(Exercise 7, p. 302) English Alveolar non-sonorant consonants become palatalized before (high) front glide that is before a high back vowel +cons –cons +alveo +palatal / __ –syllabic +syllabic –sonor +high +high +front +back

  12. Chapter 7 Homework(Exercise 8, pp. 302-303) Japanese Analyze [ t ], [ tʃ ], [ ts ] a. Complementary distribution? Yes b. [ tʃ ] before [ i ] [ ts ] before [ u ] [ t ] in other places c. All three are allophones of / t / d. Use / t / everywhere [SURPRISE!]

  13. Chapter 7 Homework(Exercise 9, p. 303) Paku (made-up language for TV show) 1. Predictable Stress: penultimate syllable 2. Nasalization of vowels is NOT distinctive. Rule: +nasalization of vowel before a nasal consonant

  14. Chapter 7 Homework(Exercise 11, p. 304) English Possible “Foreign” Word English Word a. [phril]  b. [skritʃ ]  c. [khnow]  d. [maj]  e. [gnostIk] 

  15. Chapter 7 Homework(Exercise 11, p. 304) English Possible “Foreign” Word English Word f. [jũnǝkhɔrn  g. [fruit]  h. [blaft]  i. [ŋar]  j. [æpǝphlɛksi] 

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