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Water Management in Bangkok: Challenges and Solutions

This report outlines the current irrigation and population conditions in Bangkok, highlighting water potency issues, land use changes, and climate change impacts. It discusses problems such as land acquisition, operational challenges, and natural disasters. Measurements include spatial planning, demand management, and river basin plans. Decentralization, infrastructure development, and participatory institutions are proposed solutions. The text emphasizes the importance of comprehensive approaches, such as the System of Rice Intensification, to address population pressures and ensure sustainable water management.

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Water Management in Bangkok: Challenges and Solutions

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  1. Bangkok, July 26th 2011

  2. Outline Present Condition Problems Measurements Conclusions

  3. Irrigation & Population Conditions

  4. Water Potency

  5. Water Problems Problems Population Land Use Water Food Climate Change

  6. Irrigation Problems • Land acquisition • Land use change from irrigation to residential area (around 35.000 Ha/year) • Farmers’ preferrences to plant palm tree than paddy • Operation and maintenance (fund, man power, discipline, etc.) • Natural disaster (i.e. Eruption of Merapi Mountain which destroyed + 10,000 Ha • Catchment area degradation

  7. Mind Map Measurements Spatial Plan Demand Mgt River Basin Plans Supply Water/ Irrigation Problems Decentralization Infrastructures Participatory Institutions Regulations conventional approach complementary approach

  8. Spatial Plan • Boundary : administrative region • Legalization by government head • Land use zoning • Accommodating all sectors: defense, security, agriculture, forestry, industry, transportation, health, energy, mining, education, water, housing, etc.

  9. River Basin Plans • Boundary : river basin • Consist physical and non-physical efforts • Pillars of water management : • water conservation, • water utilization, • control of water destructive potential, • public participation • information system • Arranged with coordination of government in all level, water users (agriculture, industry, commercial), universities, NGOs  cosensus

  10. Decentralization • There are 33 provinces and 495 regencies/municipalities • Local governments budget comes from national transfer and local income (taxes, retribution, etc.) • National Transfer • DAU • DAK • Infrastructure Fund

  11. Irrigation Mgt & Development

  12. Irrigation Mgt & Development (2) PISP Target : six highest paddy producer provinces Activities : • irrigation institution (at local government) empowerment • water user association empowermentand • rehabilitation of around 457 thousand hectares irrigation farm PIRIMP • Target : nineprovinces (North Sumatera, West Sumatera, Jambi, South Sumatera, Banten, West Java, Central Java, East Java, and South Kalimantan) Activities : total 59 thousand national irrigation area • rehabilitation and • construction

  13. Irrigation Mgt & Development (2) DISIMP Target : nine provinces in eastern Indonesia Activities : • empowerment if irrigation institution in local government • rehabilitationof localirrigation areas (around 84 thousand hectares)

  14. System of Rice Intensification • Method : • intermitten irrigation • 1 seed per hole • organic fertilizer • without insecticide • Conventional/Non-SRI • SRI

  15. System of Rice Intensification

  16. Lessons Learnt Conclusions • Pressures in irrigation come from population growth, water availability, land availability, etc. • Comprehensive approach is needed to solve the problems, including demand management • Measuresin Demand Management can be form of introducing a new plantation method i.e. SRI, applying clusters plantation, empowering water user association/farmers, etc. • It is necessary to control populationgrowthsince population affect the most to water sector and irrigation.

  17. Thank You

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