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C hange in Economic, Political, and Social Orders .

C hange in Economic, Political, and Social Orders . By Samantha Stavropoulos and Kate Michels. Social, political, and economic changes. Anti-Apartheid movement in South Africa Tiananmen Square protesters that promoted democracy in China

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C hange in Economic, Political, and Social Orders .

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  1. Change in Economic, Political, and Social Orders. By Samantha Stavropoulos and Kate Michels

  2. Social, political, and economic changes • Anti-Apartheid movement in South Africa • Tiananmen Square protesters that promoted democracy in China • The death of Martin Luther King Jr. caused protests and riots • Prague Spring in Czechoslovakia

  3. Apartheid in south africa • Def-system of racial segregation enforced through legislation by the National Party governments under which the rights of the majority black population in South Africa were restricted and white supremacy was maintained • Developed after WWII • Once started, it sparked internal resistance and violence in addition to an arms and trade embargo • The uprisings and protests led to the imprisonment of anti-apartheid leaders, which led to the spreading of unrest • 1980’s-apartheid reforms failed to stop the unrest and opposition • 1990-President began to negotiate the end of apartheid • 1994-multi-racial democratic elections won by ANC under Nelson Mandela, the first black president

  4. Anti-Apartheid Movement in South Africa • Wanted to end apartheid and supported South Africa’s non-white population • Originally known as the Boycott Movement • Summarized purpose by Julius Nyerere: “We are not asking you, the British people, for anything special. We are just asking you to withdraw your support from apartheid by not buying South African goods.” • 1962-UN passed a resolution calling on all member states to impose a trade boycott against South Africa • Academic Boycott of South Africa-protect against apartheid and associated violations of freedom, signed by professors • Until 1994, AAM continued to operate in Britain • After the first democratic elections, AAM changed its name to ACTSA: Action for Southern Africa

  5. Tiananmen Square in china • After the death of Mao Zedong, the Chinese knew that they needed to make reforms, but they did not know what reforms to make • When Hu Yaobang died, students who wanted reform requested a state funeral, and it sparked protests • Many students gathered to protest for reforms • These protesters were killed in a violent massacre • All people who were in any way supportive of the protesters were killed or arrested as well

  6. Martin Luther King Jr.’s Death • April 4, 1968-MLK Jr. is assassinated • Led to a nationwide wave of riots in Washington D.C., Chicago, Baltimore, Kansas City, and many others • April 7-President Lyndon B. Johnson proclaimed it to be a national day of mourning for MLK Jr. • At his funeral, VP Hubert Humphrey attended for President Johnson to prevent any protests or violence • After his death, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1968, which prohibited discrimination in housing

  7. Prague spring in Czechoslovakia • Prague Spring was a period of reforms from 1966-1968 • During World War 2, Czechoslovakia became controlled by the Soviet Union • Alexander Dubček added amendments to the constitution with more freedoms for the people • The soviets did not like the new reforms, • and they sent troops to occupy Czechoslovakia • Although there were many non violent protests, the Soviet troops stayed in Czechoslovakia, keeping control, until 1990 • The only change that was kept from the Prague Spring Reforms was the split of Czechoslovakia

  8. Uprisings in 1968 • In 1968, there was also a large amount of social movements worldwide • Most protests were led by students or workers, demanding more rights and economic reforms • While the democratic, free states had protests during the feminist and peace movement • Some protests were successful while others ended in bloody massacres

  9. Pros and Cons of promoting Change • The overall results of protesting for change can be wonderful, creating better lives and economies • In other cases, such as China, the results can be devastating, making conditions even worse than before • There is always the chance of losing your life fighting for your cause in violent, and sometimes non-violent, protests

  10. Works Cited • http://asianhistory.about.com/od/china/a/TiananmenSquare_3.htm • http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/prague_spring_1968.htm • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_of_1968 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Apartheid_Movement • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid_in_South_Africa • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr.#Poor_People.27s_Campaign.2C_1968

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