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Introduction

George Dimokas. Constantinos Kittas. Marc Tchamitchian. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA. Subject. Validation of a Tomato Crop Simulator for Mediterranean Greenhouses.

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Introduction

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  1. George Dimokas Constantinos Kittas Marc Tchamitchian ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Subject Validation of a Tomato Crop Simulator for Mediterranean Greenhouses Introduction Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion * Laboratory of Agricultural Constructions & Environmental Control * Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique

  2. Introduction ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

  3. Prediction of production quantity • Prediction of production quality • Prediction of harvesting period • Contribution in strategic management on Inputs Climate ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Use of Biological simulator Subject A useful “tool” for the growers: Introduction Simulator Tomato Aim Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

  4. Sucros Hortisim Bacros Tomsim Elcros ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Biological Simulators Subject Tomgro Introduction Simulator Tomato Aim Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

  5. Roses Radish Lettuce Cucumber ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Cultivation Simulators Subject Tomato Introduction Simulator Tomato Aim Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

  6. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Areas with the majority of greenhouse “industries” in Greece Subject Introduction Simulator Tomato Aim Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

  7. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Main products of greenhouse units Subject Introduction Simulator Tomato Aim Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

  8. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Distribution of greenhouse vegetable production Subject Introduction Simulator Tomato Aim Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

  9. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Tomato value during the year Subject Introduction Simulator Tomato Aim Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

  10. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Aim of the project Subject Introduction Simulator Validation of TOMGRO according the “Mediterranean” cropping technique the topping of the plant Tomato Aim Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

  11. Material & Methods ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

  12. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Subject Introduction Description of Biological Simulator Material & Methods Simulator Modification Experiment Results Conclusions Discussion

  13. Air Temperature Relative Humidity Solar Radiation Wind Speed CO2 concentration ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Model Inputs Subject Introduction Material & Methods Biological Simulator Simulator Modification Experiment Results Conclusions Discussion

  14. Integration of hourly variables for daily temperature calculation Daily initialization TOMGRO Amount of carbohydrates for the pool Growth respiration Confirm the weather data from Climate Model Maintenance respiration Biological Simulator Rate of development for each organ Number of organs Gross photosynthesis Organs development rate Hourly “Loop” Age class for each organ Calculation the percentage of the appearance Daily “Loop” Ratio source / sink Demand for assimilates for each organ Calibration Validation

  15. Duration of cropping period Topping of the plant Age of fruits Conversion efficiency Cf ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Modification of TOMGRO Subject Introduction Material & Methods Simulator Modification Experiment Results Conclusions Discussion

  16. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Conversion efficiency (Cf) 1. Subject Introduction Material & Methods 2. Simulator Modification Experiment Results Conclusions Discussion

  17. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Topping of the plant Subject Introduction Material & Methods Simulator Modification • Model stops producing: • New leaves • New trusses • New nodes Experiment Results Conclusions Discussion

  18. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Fruit Age Subject Introduction Adding to the model a coefficient Material & Methods Simulator Fraqcoef Modification Experiment Responsible for the duration of fruit maturation Results Conclusions Discussion

  19. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA TOMGRO - Modification Subject Model construction was for production prediction during a year period Introduction Material & Methods Withtoppingdevelopment stops and we explore the use of the modified model on the produced data on: Simulator Modification Experiment Results • Plant development Conclusions Discussion • Biomass production

  20. Experimental Measurements ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Subject Introduction Material & Methods Simulator Modification Experiment Results Conclusions Discussion

  21. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Subject Introduction Material & Methods Farm of the University of Thessaly Simulator Modification Experiment Results Cultivation:Tomato Conclusions Discussion Experimental periodfrom1/10/2007until15/2/2008

  22. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Climate Measurements Subject • Air temperature Introduction Material & Methods • Relative humidity Simulator • Solar radiation Modification • Wind speed Experiment • CO2 concentration Results Conclusions Discussion

  23. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Biological Measurements Subject Introduction Material & Methods Development Fruit production Simulator Modification Experiment Biomass production Results Conclusions Discussion

  24. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Development Measurements Subject • Tomato length Introduction Material & Methods • Number of set leaves • Number of pruning leaves Simulator • Number of nodes Modification • Number of trusses Experiment Results Conclusions Discussion * 3 times per week 8 experimental plants

  25. Fresh weight of fruits • Number of fruits * 2 times per week 40 experimental plants • Dry weight of fruits * Ovenfor 24 hourson105 oC (ASAE STANDARDS, 1998) ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Fruit Production Subject Introduction Material & Methods Simulator Modification Experiment Results Conclusions Discussion

  26. Fresh & dry weight • Stems • Leaves • Fruits • Roots • Flowers Number • Leaves • Trusses • Nodes • Flowers • Fruits * Oven for 24 hours on 105 oC (ASAE STANDARDS, 1998) * 2 times per month 4 experimental plants ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Biomass Production Subject Introduction Material & Methods Simulator Modification Experiment Results Conclusions Discussion

  27. Results ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

  28. Modification ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Modification Validation Conclusions Discussion

  29. Problem Problem • Different slope • Difference in harvesting date • Age of mature-harvesting fruits ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Problem Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Modification Validation Conclusions Discussion

  30. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Cumulative Dry Weight of Harvested Fruits Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Modification Validation Conclusions Discussion -Calculated values,-□- Measured values

  31. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Cumulative number of Harvested Fruits Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Modification Validation Conclusions Discussion -Calculated values,-□- Measured values

  32. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Ratio of harvested Fruits D.W. to the number of Fruits Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Modification Validation Conclusions Discussion -Calculated values,-□- Measured values

  33. Validation ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Subject Introduction Material & Methods According the cropping technique of Mediterranean growers topping of the plant Results Modification Validation Conclusions Discussion

  34. Development ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Modification Validation Development Biomass Conclusions Discussion

  35. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Total number of set Leaves Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Modification Validation Development Biomass Conclusions Discussion -Calculated values,-□- Measured values

  36. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Number of remaining Leaves Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Modification Validation Development Biomass Conclusions Discussion -Calculated values,-□- Measured values

  37. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Number of removed Leaves Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Modification Validation Development Biomass Conclusions Discussion -Calculated values,-□- Measured values

  38. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Trusses per plant Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Modification Validation Development Biomass Conclusions Discussion -Calculated values,-□- Measured values

  39. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Nodes per plant Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Modification Validation Development Biomass Conclusions Discussion -Calculated values,-□- Measured values

  40. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Number of Green Fruits Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Modification Validation Development Biomass Conclusions Discussion -Calculated values,-□- Measured values

  41. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Week point of TOMGRO. Good agreement Leaf Area Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Modification Validation Development Biomass Conclusions Discussion -Calculated values,-□- Measured values

  42. Biomass Production ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Modification Validation Development Biomass Conclusions Discussion

  43. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Stems Dry Weight Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Modification Validation Development Biomass Conclusions Discussion -Calculated values,-□- Measured values

  44. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Leaves Dry Weight Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Modification Validation Development Biomass Conclusions Discussion -Calculated values,-□- Measured values

  45. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Dry Weight of Green Fruits Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Modification Validation Development Biomass Conclusions Discussion -Calculated values,-□- Measured values

  46. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Dry Weight of green Fruits versus harvesting Fruits Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Modification Validation Development Biomass Conclusions Discussion -Calculated values,-□- Measured values

  47. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Total Dry Weight of PlantFruits Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Modification Validation Development Biomass Conclusions Discussion -Calculated values,-□- Measured values

  48. ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Total Plant’s Dry Weight Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Modification Validation Development Biomass Conclusions Discussion -Calculated values,-□- Measured values

  49. Conclusions ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

  50. Prove the agreement on counting: • Number of leaves • Number of trusses • Number of nodes • Number of green fruits • Leaf area ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions October 20-24, 2008, Tucson, Arizona, USA Results on development Subject Introduction Material & Methods Results Conclusions Discussion

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