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Public Health Approaches in Land Use Planning

Learn how 10 Public Health Units collaborate with urban and rural communities to create healthy environments through interventions like active transportation, healthy food access, air quality mitigation, climate change adaptation, and groundwater protection.

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Public Health Approaches in Land Use Planning

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  1. Public Health and Land Use Planning: How Ten Public Health Units are Working to Create Healthy and Sustainable Communities Project Manager & Author: Kim Perrotta Presenting to the CHNET-Works May 26, 2011

  2. Partners & Contact Information • Ministry of Health Promotion & Sport – Healthy Communities Fund (funding) • Clean Air Partnership (CAP) – lead agency • Ontario Public Health Association (OPHA) – partner through the Health & Built Environment Workgroup Contact Information: Clean Air Partnership (CAP) 75 Elizabeth Street Toronto, Ontario M5G 1P4 416-392-6672 www.cleanairpartnership.org Kim.perrotta@cogeco.ca 905-628-9437 http://www.cleanairpartnership.org/public_health_and_the_built_environment

  3. Ten Public Health Units • North: • Sudbury & District Health Unit • Rural: • Grey Bruce Health Unit • HKPR District Health Unit • Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit • Urban/Rural Mix: • Niagara Region Public Health • Region of Waterloo Public Health • GTA: • York Region Public Health Branch • Peel Public Health • Halton Region Health Department • Toronto Public Health

  4. Structure of Background Report • Overview – health & the built environment for six factors: • Physical activity • Injuries • Healthy Eating • Air Quality • Climate Change • Water Quality • Priority Population: Low Income Populations • Case Studies – 10 PHUs • Discussion • Interventions • Strategies • Program Areas & Expertise • Organization Structures • Recommendations

  5. Interventions Being Sought Active & Alternative Transportation • Rural areas: • Paved shoulders between communities, trails, & connectivity • Physical Activity, Injury Prevention & Access • Small urban areas: • Urban design & infrastructure • Physical Activity, Injury Prevention & Access • Large Urban Areas • Development patterns, densities, design & infrastructure • Air Quality, Climate Change, Physical Activity, Injury Prevention & Access

  6. Interventions Being SoughtIncrease Access to Healthy Foods • Official Plans , Secondary Plans & Site Plans: • Mobile farmers' markets • Community gardens • Green roofs • Equitable access to retailers selling fresh foods • Programs – Establishing mobile markets & community gardens • Community Food Security: • Research , policies & programs • Support preservation of local farm land

  7. Interventions Being SoughtAddress Localized Air Quality Impacts • OP Policies: • Linking air quality to transit, active transportation, energy efficiency in official plans • air studies & cumulative air quality • Compatible land uses • Separation distances for highways • OP Implementation Guidelines: • Compatible land uses • Air Quality Impacts • Programs: • airshed modelling & monitoring

  8. Interventions Being SoughtMitigating & Adapting to Climate Change • General OP Policies: Linking climate change to transit, active transportation & energy efficiency • Specific OP Policies: Adaptation to climate change: • Permeable surfaces • greenspace • Urban forestry • water efficiency • Programs: • Bring climate into municipal programs • Eg. Urban Forestry

  9. Interventions Being SoughtProtecting Ground Water • Site plans & subdivision plans: Several PHUs review them for impact on ground water • CofAs, and EAs: Several review them for impact on ground water • Official Plan Policies: General policies to protect ground water. • Hydrogeological Guidelines referenced by one Regional OP: • Can request HG assessments from proponents • Can have them Peer Reviewed by a HG on retainer at proponent’s expense

  10. Interventions & Low Income PopulationsChronic Disease & Injury Prevention • Active transportation & public transit: • More benefits for low income • Ensure populations are consulted & considered in master plans • Trails, parks & greenspace: • Access is more important for low income & less likely • Ensure equitable distribution • Healthy foods: • Access issues are greater & less likely • Target neighbourhoods for programs • Push for affordable housing

  11. Interventions & Low Income PopulationsEnvironmental Health • Air Quality: • Low income populations more likely to live close to traffic corridors & emission sources • Address with cumulative air quality impact assessments • Address with separation distances for traffic corridors • Climate Change: • Extreme heat is harder on low income groups • Targeted adaptation programs e.g. trees and cooling centres

  12. Strategies Employed by Public Health Units • Health Promotion & Community Engagement • walkON workshops & walking surveys • Air and climate ads in theatres • Cultivating Community Partnerships • Commenting on planning documents • Developing Active Transportation Plans • Community Gardens projects • Developing Relationships with Planning • Conferences & PPS comments • Integrated Planning Departments • Placements with Municipalities/Planning • Participating in Official Plan Processes

  13. Strategies Employed by Public Health Units • Research & Policy Development • Literature Reviews • Policy papers – walkability criteria, compatible land uses for air quality • Geospatial analyses for heat, air quality, income status, health status • Developing tools that can assess health impacts associated with land use planning decisions • Commenting on Planning Documents • Regional & local official plans • Secondary Plans, Subdivision Plans & Site Plans, Master Plans • CofAs & EAs

  14. Program Areas, Functional Expertise & Roles • Programs: CDIP & Environmental Health • Functional Expertise: • Assessment and surveillance • Health promotion and policy development • Disease and injury prevention • Health protection • Creating Specialized Positions • CDIP – Policy & Planning expertise • EH – Policy, Air Quality, Toxicology, Water Quality expertise • Hiring expertise in some cases • Contracting expertise in others

  15. Organizational Structures - Built Environment • Restructuring Internally • Ontario Public Health Standards • Social indicators • Multi-Disciplinary Teams • Geographical or Built Environment teams • Informal Relationships • Team leads for different Programs • Program Planning • Working through Committees • Coordination & collaboration • Identifying a Point Person • Healthy Public Policy Directorate

  16. Thank-you http://www.cleanairpartnership.org/public_health_and_the_built_environment

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