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Economics 434

Economics 434. Financial Markets Professor Burton University of Virginia Fall 2013. Treasury Bills. Anything issued with less than 1 year in original maturity Everything else is a note or a bond Three main types 4 week bill (30 day bill) 3 month (90 day bill) 6 month (180 day bill)

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Economics 434

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  1. Economics 434 Financial Markets Professor Burton University of Virginia Fall 2013

  2. Treasury Bills • Anything issued with less than 1 year in original maturity • Everything else is a note or a bond • Three main types • 4 week bill (30 day bill) • 3 month (90 day bill) • 6 month (180 day bill) • Year bill (360 day bill) • Also, from time to time • Cash management bills

  3. Key facts about treasury bills • Always have “original maturity” less than one year • Quotes are “discounts” • Year is assumed to be 360 days long • Actual annual yield higher than quote because • Quote is a discount • Year has more days than 360

  4. Example: The Year Bill • Assume the quote is 0.40 % • Assume the principal amount is $ 1 million (always assume this in this class for treasury bills) • What is the price of this bill? • Discount is .004 times $ 1 million = $ 4,000 • Price then must be $ 996,000 • What is the annual yield of this bill? • Yield for 360 days is 4/996 = .004016 % • Yield for 365 days is 365/360 times .004016 % or .004072 or .4072 percent

  5. Example: The Three Month Bill • Assume the quote is .10 % • Assume the principal amount is $ 1 million (always assume this in this class for treasury bills) • What is the price of this bill? • Discount is (.001 divided by 4) times $ 1 million = $ 250 • Price then must be $ 999,750 • What is the annual yield of this bill? • Yield for 90 days is 250/999,750 = .0250006 % • Yield for 365 days is 365/900 times .0250006 % or .101414 percent

  6. General Principles • To calculate annual yield • First calculate the amount of the discount • Quote times t/360 times $ 1 million where is t is the days remaining to maturity • Then note that the amount of the discount is your profit and $ 1 million minus the discount is your cost, so that the yield for t days is: • Yield for t days = discount/($ 1milion – discount) • Then annualize: • Annual yield = (365/t) times (Yield for t days)

  7. US Treasury Notes and Bonds • Assume that principal (payoff) amount is $ 100,000, paid at maturity date of bond • Two payments annually, approx. six months apart • If coupon is 10 percent, each payment is $ 5,000; if coupon is 1 percent, each payment is $ 500 • Name is: coupon (plus) maturity date • For example: 2 ½’s of AUG ‘23

  8. 2 ½’s of August 2023 • Pays $ 100,000 on Aug 15, 2013 • Also pays $ 1,250 on Feb 15, 2014 and Aug 15, 2014 • Similarly for every year until payment of $ 1,250 on Aug 15, 2013 plus the $ 100,000 payment on that same date • Yield? Price?

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