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Nuclear Physics in Storage Rings

Explore mass measurements, decay studies, and nuclear astrophysics using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Learn about mass properties, half-life measurements, and new isotope identification methods at the ESR facility. Discover insights into fundamental symmetries and the limits of nuclear existence.

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Nuclear Physics in Storage Rings

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  1. Nuclear Physics in Storage Rings Mass Measurements and Decay Studies in the ESR Reaction studies in the ESR Yuri A. Litvinov ISOLDE@CERN 11 October 2007 • Introduction • High-resolution mass spectrometry • Half-life measurements • Summary and Outlook

  2. Masses: Fundamental Properties of Atomic Nuclei • Binding energies • Mass models • Shell structure Mass matters ! • Correlations • pairing • Reaction phase space • Q-values • Reaction probabilities • The reach of nuclei • Drip lines • Specific configurations • and topologies • Nuclear astrophysics • Paths of nucleosynthesis • Fundamental symmetries • Metrology • …..

  3. Measured Mass Surface

  4. Secondary Beams of Short-Lived Nuclei Storage Ring ESR Linear Accelerator UNILAC Fragment Separator FRS Production target Heavy-Ion Synchrotron SIS

  5. About 1000 nuclear residues identified A/Z-resolution ~10-3 J. Pereira et al., PRC (2007) Production & Separation of Exotic Nuclei Primary beams @ 400-1000 MeV/u Highly-Charged Ions (0, 1, 2 … bound electrons) In-Flight separation within ~ 150 ns Cocktail or mono-isotopic beams Transmission to the ESR of about 1%

  6. SMS and IMS

  7. Schottky Mass Spectrometry 1987 - B. Franzke, H. Geissel, G. Münzenberg

  8. time SMS 4 particles with different m/q

  9. Sin(w1) Sin(w2) w4 w3 w2 w1 Sin(w3) time Sin(w4) SMS Fast Fourier Transform

  10. SMS: Broad Band Frequency Spectra

  11. Mass Distributions from Single Ions B. Sun et al., EPJ A (2007)

  12. SMS: Accuracy Dm/m ≈ 4 ·10-8 H. Geissel et al., Eur. Phys. J. A (in press)

  13. Identification of New Isotopes F. Bosch, et al., Int. J. Mass Spectr. 251 (2006) 212-219

  14. Isochronous Mass Spectrometry 1985 - H. Wollnik, Y. Fujita, H. Geissel, G. Münzenberg,et al.

  15. m/q range: 2.4-2.7 IMS: Time-of-Flight Spectra Nuclei with half-lives as short as 20 ms About 13% in mass-over-charge range M. Hausmann et al., Hyperfine Interactions 132 (2001) 291 M. Matos et al., Proc. EXON 2004

  16. IMS: Br Tagging Good isochronous conditions are fulfilled only in a small range Solution: measurement of Bror v in addition H. Geissel et al., Eur. Phys. J. A (in press)

  17. Measured Mass Surface Masses of more than 1100 Nuclides were measured Mass accuracy: SMS 1.5 ∙10-7up to 4 ∙10-8 IMS ~5 ∙10-7 Results: ~ 350 new masses In addition more than 300 improved mass values

  18. Science is either PHYSICS or collecting STAMPS

  19. Limits of Nuclear Existence

  20. Two-Proton Dripline

  21. Odd-Even Staggering of Nuclear Binding Energies W. Heisenberg, Z. Phys. 78 (1932) 156 J. Bardeen, L.N. Cooper, and J.R. Schrieffer, Phys. Rev. 108 (1957) 1175 A. Bohr, B.R. Mottelson, and D. Pines, Phys. Rev. 110 (1958) 936

  22. Five Mass Formulae to extract OES Hafnium isotopes Protons: Neutrons

  23. Odd-Even Staggering of Nuclear Binding Energies Yu.A.Litvinov, Th. Bürvenich et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005) 042501

  24. OES in Macroscopic-Microscopic Description Yu.A.Litvinov, Th. Bürvenich et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005) 042501

  25. Predictive Powers of Mass Models H. Geissel et al., NP A746 (2004) 150c

  26. Predictive Powers of Mass Models Calculated abundances assuming that one Sn value is varied by 1 MeV H. Geissel et al., AIP Conf. Proc. Vol. 831 (2006) 108

  27. Atomic Mass Evaluation A. Wapstra G. Audi, C. Thibault, NPA729 (2003) 129 FRS-ESR data • AME 1. Q-values: b-decays (b+,b-) frequency correlations between all measured ESR data 2. Q-values: a-decays 3. Q-values: reactions (p,n), (n,g), etc. Combined Evaluation ~2·105 input data 4. direct measurements (traps, rings) Yu.A. Litvinov, G. Audi et al., ILIMA Technical Proposal 6169 input data Yu.A. Litvinov et al, NPA756 (2005) 3

  28. Half-life Measurements

  29. Nuclear Decay of Stored Single Ions Yu.A. Litvinov et al, NPA756 (2003) 3

  30. Stochastic + Electron Cooling D. Boutin, PhD Thesis, JLU Giessen, 2005

  31. Half-life of Fully-Ionized 207mTl81+ 207mTl (E* = 1348 keV) T1/2(neutral) = 1.33(11) s T1/2(bare) = 1.47(32) s T1/2(theory) = 1.52(12) s D. Boutin, PhD Thesis, JLU Giessen, 2005 T. Ohtsubo et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005) 052501

  32. Beta-Decays on the Chart of Nuclides p-process rp-process np-process Astrophysical scenarios: high temperature = high degree of ionization fussion

  33. Fully-Ionized Atoms John N. Bahcall, “Theory of Bound-State Beta Decay”, Phys. Rev. 124 (1961) 495 John N. Bahcall, “Beta Decay in Stellar Interiors”, Phys. Rev. 126 (1962) 1143 Koji Takahashi, Koichi Yokoi, “Nuclear Beta-Decays of Highly-Ionized Heavy Atoms in Stellar Interiors”, Nucl. Phys. A 404 (1983) 578 Koji Takahashi, Koichi Yokoi, “Beta-Decay Rates of Highly-Ionized Heavy Atoms in Stellar Interiors”, Atomic Data Nucl. Data Tables 36 (1987) 375

  34. laboratory frame T1/2 (fully ionized) T1/2 (neutral) Half-Lives of Nuclear Isomers Neutral atom is 0.49(2) s Fully ionized atom is 11(1) s = 22(2) Yu.A. Litvinov, et al., PLB 573 (2003) 80-85

  35. Bound-State b-decay

  36. E 187Re75+ T½ = 33 y βb Q = 62 keV 10 keV g.s. β- 10 keV g.s. T½ = 42 Gy; Q = 2.7 keV Bound-State b-decay of 187Re The 7 Nuclear Clocks for the Age of the Earth, the Solar System, the Galaxy, and the Universe 187Re0 Clayton (1964): a mother-daughter couple (187Re/187Os) is the “best” radioactive clock F. Bosch et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 (1996) 5190

  37. p process 162 164 166 165 163 163 163 Er 164 160 161 162 Ho s process Dy r process Bound-State b-decay of 163Dy s process: slow neutron capture and β- decay near valley of β stability at kT = 30 keV; → high atomic charge state → bound-state β decay T1/2 = 48 days branchings caused by bound-state β decay M. Jung et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 (1992) 2164

  38. Bound-State b-decay in 206,207Tl λ = λb+λc+λR λb bound/continuum branching ratio T. Ohtsubo et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005) 052501

  39. Next Step: Bound-State b-decay of 205Tl F. Bosch et al., GSI Proposal

  40. Hydrogen-Like Ions I. Iben et al., “The Effect of Be7 K-Capture on the Solar Neutrino Flux”, Ap. J. 150 (1967) 1001 L.M. Folan, V.I. Tsifrinovich, “Effects of the Hyperfine Interaction on Orbital Electron Capture”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 (1995) 499

  41. Electron Capture in Hydrogen-like Ions Classical EC-theory: Gamow-Teller allowed transition 1+  0+ b+ to EC branching ratio: lb+/lEC (neutral atom) ≈1 W.Bambynek et al., Rev. Mod. Phys 49, 1977 S-electron density at the nucleus: |fS(0)|21/ n3 Conclusion: H-Like ion should have 41% longer half-life PEC (neutral atom)  2 1/ n3 = 2.4 M. Campbell et al., Nucl. Phys. A283 (1997) 413 PK (H-like)  1 * 1/ 13 = 1 lb+/lK (He-like) ≈ 1.37 lb+/lK (H-like) ≈ 2.4 lb+/lK (H-like) ≈ ? ≈ 2.74 ?

  42. EC in Hydrogen-like Ions lb+/lEC (neutral atom) ≈1 Expectations: EC(H-like)/EC(He-like) ≈ 0.5 lb+/lK (H-like) ≈ 2.4 FRS-ESR Experiment l(neutral)= 0.00341(1) s-1 G.Audi et al., NPA729 (2003) 3 lb+(bare) = 0.00158(8) s-1 (decay of 140Pr59+) lEC(H-like) = 0.00219(6) s-1 (decay of 140Pr58+) lEC(He-like) = 0.00147(7) s-1 (decay of 140Pr57+) EC(H-like)/EC(He-like) = 1.49(8) lb+/lEC(H-like) = 0.72

  43. Electron Capture in Hydrogen-like Ions Gamow-Teller transition 1+  0+ S. Typel and L. Grigorenko µ = +2.7812µN Z. Patyk Theory: The H-Like ion should really decay 20% faster than neutral atom! Probability of EC Decay Neutral 140Pr: P = 2.381 He-like 140Pr: P = 2 (2I+1)/(2F+1) H-like 140Pr: P = 3

  44. Next Step B.M. Dodsworth et al., Phys. Rev. 142 (1966) 638. µ (64Cu) = −0.217(2) mN

  45. Some speculations on the EC-decay of 7Be A.V. Gruzinov, J.N. Bahcall, Astroph. J. 490 (1997) 437 Ionization of 7Be in the Sun can be ~ 20-30 % Transition (F=1F=1) is accelerated by (2I+1)/(2F1+1) i.e. by 8/3 However, there are only of 7Be in this state (2F1+1)/((2F1+1)+(2F2+1)) = 3/8

  46. Single-Particle Decay Spectroscopy

  47. Sensitivity to single stored ions Recording the correlated changes of peak intensities corresponding to mother and daughter ions Reliable determination of the number of a few stored particles Investigation of a selected decay branch, e.g. pure electron capture decay Systematical effects such as late cooling or feeding via atomic or nuclear decays can be disentangled F. Bosch et al., Int. J. Mass Spectr. 251 (2006) 212

  48. Summary and Outlook Two complementary methods: Schottky and Isochronous mass spectrometry. • Broad-band: simultaneous measurements of ~100 of nuclides • High accuracy: 5 ∙10-7 for the IMS and up to 4 ∙10-8 for SMS • Ultimate sensitivity and efficiency: single ion is sufficient • Short half-lives: down to ~10 ms Ideal for measurements of large-areas of nuclides with very low cross-sections and very short half-lives • Highly-charged ions Ideal for decay studies relevant for astrophysical scenarios

  49. FAIR - Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research GSI today Future facility SIS 100/300 SIS 18 UNILAC ESR Super FRS HESR RESR CR FLAIR 100 m NESR

  50. ILIMA: Masses and Halflives

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