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HAZARDOUS WASTE OPERATIONS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE - AWARENESS. 29 CFR 1910.120 Revised July 2000. Objectives. Define your role at the Awareness level? “Clues” to be gathered upon discovering an incident. Be able to read placards and labels. Able to read and interpret the DOT book.
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HAZARDOUS WASTE OPERATIONS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE - AWARENESS 29 CFR 1910.120 Revised July 2000
Objectives • Define your role at the Awareness level? • “Clues” to be gathered upon discovering an incident. • Be able to read placards and labels. • Able to read and interpret the DOT book. • Able to implement site security and control. • Understand the basics of an Emergency Response Plan
Role of First Responder - Awareness 29 CFR 1910.120(q) • Likely to witness or discover release. • Trained to initiate emergency response. • Take no further action .
FIRST RESPONDER AWARENESS LEVEL • Understand what hazardous materials are and their risks in an incident. • Understand the potential outcome of an emergency created when hazardous materials are present. • Ability to recognize the presence of hazardous materials in an emergency.
Ability to identify hazardous materials if possible • Role of the First Responder in the Emergency Response Plan including site security & control and DOT’s Emergency Response Guidebook. • Ability to realize the need for additional resources and to make appropriate notification to communication center.
HISTORY • Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) • allocated funds to develop health and safety training for workers involved in transportation, storage, or disposal of hazardous waste.
Hazard Recognition Definitions Hazardous substance: “OSHA” Hazardous waste: “EPA” Hazardous material: “DOT”
Hazardous Substance - OSHA • A substance which may result in adverse affects on the health and safety of employees • A substance included as a hazardous material by DOT and as a hazardous waste by EPA
Hazardous Waste - EPA Poses unreasonable risk to health, safety or property when transported in commerce for the purposes of treatment, storage, or disposal as waste
Hazardous Material - DOT Any substance or material in any form or quantity which poses an unreasonable risk to safety and health and property when transported in commerce
Chemical Hazards • Flammable • Corrosive • Reactive • Toxic • Sudden Release of Pressure (explosion) • detonation and deflagration
Physical Hazards to Employees • Radiation • Electricity • Stress • Heat/Cold • Slips, trips, falls • Steam & Chemical clouds
Biological Hazards • Infectious Hospital Waste • Research Materials • Raw sewage (hepatitis A, E-coli) • Bites from vectors (ticks, rats, wild dogs)
Mode Inhalation Ingestion Injection Absorption Route Respiratory System Gastrointestinal Sys. Skin Skin Modes and Routes of Entry
Health Effects • Acute • body response at time of exposure, typically a high concentration, or a few days after exposure. • Chronic • body response takes a long time after repeated or prolonged exposures.
PPM TLV PEL REL TWA C STEL IDLH OSHA ACGIH NIOSH Definitions
Inhalation Hazard? Handy rules of thumb • vapor pressure • <10 mmHg slow • 10-50 mmHg medium • >50 mmHg fast • evaporation rate • <0.8 slow • 0.8 - 3 medium • > 3 fast
Target Organs • Nephrotoxin - kidneys • Hepatotoxin - liver • Neurotoxin - CNS • Hemotoxin - blood • Mutagenic - genetic material • Teratogenic - fetal deformities • Carcinogenic - cancer causing
Factors of Toxicity • Time & Frequency (TWA, STEL) • Route by which exposure occurs • Physical & chemical form of the substance • Dose delivered
Fire & Explosion Characteristics • Components of Combustion Fuel Oxidizer Ignition Sources
Fire & Explosive CharacteristicsSources of Ignition Cigarettes Welding Grinding / Cutting Unprotected electrical equipment Open flames Hot surfaces Static electricity Oxidizing chemicals
Class A Class B Class C Class D Classes Of Fires
Class A/Ordinary Combustible -Extinguish with water • Class B/Flammable Liquids. Use a Dry Chemical Extinguisher • Class C/Electrical Equipment. Use a CO2 Extinguisher • Class D/Combustible Metals. Use a Dry Powder Extinguisher
Flash Point Ignition Auto Ignition Lower Flammability Limit Upper Flammability Limit Combustible Flammability Range Oxidizers Terminology: Flammable
Flammable vs. Combustible • Flammable • A liquid with a flash point below 100oF (Source: 29 CFR 1910.106) • A liquid with a flash point below 141oF (Source: DOT)
Combustible • A liquid with a flash point at or above 100oF but below 200oF (Source: 29 CFR 1910.106) • A liquid with a flash point at or above 141oF but below 200oF (Source: DOT)
Hazard Identification • Labels and Placards • Other Documentation (MSDS) • Container Shape
Labels and Placards • DOT System • NFPA System • HMIS System COR 1831
DOT System • Shipping papers • Markings • Labeling • Placarding
Shipping Papers • Proper shipping name • Hazard class (9 classes) • Identification number • Packing group • Container type • Quantity • Shipper data • Emergency phone number
Markings • Proper shipping name • Identification number • Address of the shipper
Labels & Placards • Graphic representation of the hazard • Labels on packaging/containers • Placards on the outside - ends & sides of trucks, rail cars, freight containers
NFPA SYSTEM • Diamond-shaped • Color-coded in 4 small diamonds • Blue Health risk • Red Flammability • Yellow Reactivity • White Special information • Number-coded in the red, blue, and yellow diamonds
Chemical Name Health Hazard Fire Hazard Flash Points 4-Below 73 F 3-Below 100 F 2-Below 200 F 1-Above 200 F 0-Will not burn 4-Deadly 3-Extremely Hazardous 2-Hazardous 1-Slightly Hazardous 0-Normal material Specific Hazard Reactivity 4-May detonate 3-Shock and heat may detonate 2-Violent chemical change 1-Unstable if heated 0-Stable Oxidizer OX Use NO WATER W
HMIS Hazard Materials Identification System • Rectangular • Color-coded • Blue Health risk • Red Flammability • Yellow Reactivity • White Special information/PPE
Hazard Materials Information Sheet Health Flammability Reactivity PPE
NFPA vs. HMIS • NFPA is geared for fire emergencies • HMIS is geared for everyday use • NFPA and HMIS numbers are often in conflict (especially health and reactivity) • HMIS includes necessary PPE • NFPA includes special hazards
Other Documentation • MSDS • Shipping Containers • Shipping Papers (Bill of Lading)
How hazardous is it?? • Percent by weight • How volatile it is (vapor pressure) • Lowest exposure limit • Physical form • Route of entry • Chronic vs. acute • Where is it? (out in open, confined area)
Division of Safety & Hygiene Hazard Communication 96-97 Material Safety Data Sheet Identify (As Used on Label and List) Note: Blank spaces are not permitted. If any item is not applicable, or no information is available, the space must be marked to indicate that. Manufacturer’s Name Emergency Telephone Number Address (Number, Street, City, and ZIP Code) Telephone Number for Information Date Prepared Signature of Preparer (optional)
Division of Safety & Hygiene Hazard Communication 96-97 Hazardous Ingredients/Identity Information OSHA PEL Other Limits Recommended Hazardous Components (Specific Chemical Identity; Common Name(s) ACGIH TLV %Optional
Division of Safety & Hygiene Hazard Communication 96-97 Physical/Chemical Characteristics Boiling Point Specific Gravity (H2O = 1) Vapor Pressure (mm Hg.) Melting Point Vapor Density (AIR 1) Evaporation Rate (Butyl Acetate 1) Solubility in Water Appearance and Odor
Division of Safety & Hygiene Hazard Communication 96-97 Fire and Explosion Hazard Data Flash Point (Method Used) Flammable Limits LEL UEL Extinguishing Media Special Fire Fighting Procedures Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards
Division of Safety & Hygiene Hazard Communication 96-97 Reactivity Data Stability Unstable Conditions to Avoid Stable Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid) Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts Hazardous May Occur Conditions to Avoid Polymerization Will Not Occur
Division of Safety & Hygiene Hazard Communication 96-97 Health Hazard Data Route(s) of Entry: Inhalation? Skin? Ingestion? Health Hazards (Acute and Chronic) Carcinogenicity: NTP? IARC Monographs? OSHA Regulated? Signs and Symptoms of Exposure Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure Emergency and First Aid Procedures
Division of Safety & Hygiene Hazard Communication 96-97 Precautions for Safe Handling and Use Steps to Be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled Waste Disposal Method Precautions to Be Taken in Handling and Storing Other Precautions