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Ocean Energy Alla Weinstein, President

Ocean Energy Alla Weinstein, President. Agenda. Ocean Energy Resources Stage of Technology Development Socio Economic & Environmental Impacts Barriers to Overcome Cooperation Recommendations. Ocean Energy Resources. Ocean Energy Potential. Wave Energy – 45,000 TWh/year

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Ocean Energy Alla Weinstein, President

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  1. Ocean Energy Alla Weinstein, President

  2. Agenda • Ocean Energy Resources • Stage of Technology Development • Socio Economic & Environmental Impacts • Barriers to Overcome • Cooperation • Recommendations

  3. Ocean Energy Resources

  4. Ocean Energy Potential • Wave Energy – 45,000 TWh/year • Ocean Currents – 400 TWh/year • Tidal – 1,800 TWh/year • Ocean Thermal – 33,000 TWh/year • Osmotic – 20,000 TWh/year Source: Ocean Energy: Prospects & Potential, Isaacs & Schmitt, with 15% utilization factor & 50% capacity factor

  5. Stage of Technology Development • Ocean Energy state of the art • Has matured significantly over the last 5 years • Entered Early Commercialization • Large scale test installations are either developed or under development

  6. Installed Capacity • Wave ~ 1.7 MW • Pico, Azores – 0.4 MW • Limpet, Islay – 0.5 MW • Pelamis, Portugal – 0.7 MW • Tidal ~ 266 MW • Barrage – 240MW La Rance; 20MW CA; 5MW China • Current – 1MW, MCT, IE; 0.5MW, Verdant, USA • OTEC ~ 0.2 MW • Hawaii, USA

  7. Wave Energy Generation

  8. Global Wave Power Distribution Annual average wave energy flux per unit width of wave crest (kilowatts/m)

  9. Wave Energy Conversion Principles

  10. Onshore Wave – Grid Connected OWC PICO Plant, Portugal 1999, 400kW LIMPET, Wavegen, UK 2000, 500kW

  11. Offshore Wave - OWC OceanLynx, Australia 2005, 450 kW OE Buoy, Ireland 2006, 20 KW

  12. Offshore Wave - Subsurface AWS, Portugal 2005, 2MW Wave Roller, Finland 2006, 13 kW

  13. Offshore Wave - Surface Pelamis, UK 2005, 750kW WaveDragon, Denmark 2003, 20kW

  14. Offshore Wave – Point Absorbers AquaBuOY, USA 2007, ~ 20kW Power Buoy, USA 2005, 40kW Wavebob, Ireland 2006, 200kW

  15. Tidal Energy Generation Tidal changes in sea level occur as Earth rotates beneath bulges in ocean envelope, which are produced by solar and lunar gravitational forces. North PoleEarth rotates counter-clockwise MOON’S ORBIT

  16. 1. Siberia2. Inchon, Korea3. Hangchow, China4. Hall's Point, Australia5. New Zealand6. Anchorage, Alaska7. Panama8. Chile9. Punta Loyola, Argentina10. Brazil 11. Bay of Fundy12. Frobisher Bay, Canada13. Wales, UK14. Antwerp, Belgium15. LeHavre, France16. Guinea17. Gujarat, India18. Burma19. Semzha River, Russia20. Colorado River, Mexico21. Madagascar Tidal Resources

  17. Tidal Range – La Rance, France

  18. Tidal Current Devices Gorlov Helical Turbine, 2005, USA Hammerfest Strom, 2006, Norway

  19. Tidal Current Devices MTC, 2006, UK Verdant Power, 2006, USA

  20. Ocean Currents Global redistribution of heat by ocean currents. As global warming accelerates evaporative transfer of fresh water to poles, conveyor belt slows. Winds move 60 % of “excess heat” from equator to poles (primarily via extratropical and tropical storms), while ocean currents move 40% (thermohaline “conveyor belt”).

  21. Ocean Current Devices Open Hydro, 2007, UK (EMEC)

  22. Ocean Thermal Resources

  23. Ocean Thermal Energy Sun-Sea, USA OTEC-Mini, 1998, Hawaii, USA

  24. Osmotic Energy

  25. Osmotic Energy StatKarft, Norway (randition)

  26. Socio Economic & Environmental • Socio Economic • Coastal job creations ~ 10-20 jobs/MW • Utilization of existing infrastructure • Emissions aversion • Environmental • Three environmental assessments – FONSI • Main areas of concern – solved via design • Withdrawal of energy • Spill or leakage from hydraulic-based devices • Noise for OWC

  27. Non-Technical Barriers • Economic Incentives • Long-term feed-in tariffs have proven to work • Access and availability of the electrical grid • A major expansion factor • Regulatory Framework • Standardization is required • Availability of Resource Data • Public Awareness

  28. EU Cooperation & Investments • Cooperation should be encouraged and promoted • Private investors are looking for: • Government support to offset initial risks • Feed-in tariffs • Long-term power purchase obligations • Investor incentives • Funding needs to concentrate on demonstration projects

  29. Conclusion • Large number of device concepts • Future funding programs should concentrate bridging the “valley of death” and the “death peak” • Grid availability will be a major hindering factor to growth

  30. Contact Information: Tel : +32 (0)2 400 10 40 Fax: +32 (0)2 791 90 00

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